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Hydrostatic Thrust
Due to the existence of hydrostatic pressure in a fluid mass, a normal force exerted on any part of a solid surface which is on contact with a fluid. The individual forces distributes over an area give rise to a resultant force. The determination of magnitude and the line of action of the resultant force is of practical interest to engineers.
Practical applications
In practical applications engineers is required to determine the pressure forces on the entire surface rather than the pressure intensity at a point.
Examples are
Forces on submerged objects such as submarines, ships and balloons. Forces on walls of containers such as pipes, tanks and dams. Forces on gates in walls of containers, submerges bodies and many other hydraulic structures.
This is defined as the point of application of the total pressure on the surface.
Pressure Intensity
Since every point on the surface is at same depth below the free surface of the liquid the pressure intensity is constant over the entire plane surface.
Pressure Intensity P = h
A = Total Area
Total Pressure
If A is the total area of the surface then the total pressure on the horizontal surface is F.
A = Total Area
F = Ah
Direction of Force
The direction of this force is normal to the surface as such it is acting towards the surface in the vertical direction (downwards at the centroid of the surface) A = Total Area
F = Ah
Consider a plane surface of arbitrary shape and total area A, wholly submerged in a static mass of liquid of specific weight , such that it is held in a vertical position As shown in Fig 2.
x
dF C. G.
dF = P.dA
pdA
xA
xdA
A
Ax
xdA
F (x ) A
F = Pressure Intensity at the center of area x Area of plane surface
But from principle of moment--- x2.dA represents the sum of the second moment of the areas of the strips about axis passing through the free surface, which is equal to the moment of inertia.
Cont
xc p F
xdF x ( pdA) x (x ) dA
xc p (xA) I 0 xc p ( x A) I x A
2
xc p
I x xA
p y sin
F
dA
y
y
ycp
y sin dA
A
sin ydA
A
F (y sin ) A F pA
y (y sin )dA
A
F
dA
y
ycp
Example (3.78)
RA
3-0.4641
R A 557.05 kN
HW (3.87)
HW (3.92)
Example
Given: Gate AB is 4 ft wide, hinged at A. Gage G reads -2.17 psi Find: Horizontal force at B to hold gate. Solution:
Foil pA 0.75 * 62.4 * 3 * (4 * 6) 3,370 lbf
ycp y I yA
Air G
5.01 ft
18 ft
Water
A gate B
Oil SG=0.75
6 ft
4 * 63 / 12 1 ft (3 * 24)
A 3.03 ft 4ft
Example
Air G
5.01 ft
Fw
B
18 ft
Foil FB
Water gate
A Oil SG=0.75 6 ft
ycp y
I yA
But x.dA = represents the sum of the first moments of areas of the strips about free surface. Therefore x.dA = A.
F = A.
But from principle of moment--- x2.dA represents the sum of the second moment of the areas of the strips about axis passing through the free surface, which is equal to the moment of inertia.
Air
5.5 m Water
A
gate Oil SG=0.75 1.8 m