Introduction to Dental Materials

Dr. Alaa El-din El-Araby, Ph.D Nagaski university, Japan.

Three basic classes of materials:

Metals Polymers Ceramics

Metals
At the atomic level , the atoms are bonded together by metalic bond. -metalic luster. -excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. -ability to be shaped (malleability). -strength, hardness, and high density. -Opaque

Metals

What is alloy?

Mixture of 2 or more metals

What is metal?? Metals versus alloys in dentistry.

Types of metals in dentistry:

Noble (gold, pt, Pd, .. Seminoble ( old term).gold is replaced with silver Non-noble.

Metals

Preformed metals:

Cohesive gold Amalgam Wrought wires

Metals

Casting metals The restoration is fabricated outside the mouth utilizing the lost wax technique.

POLYMERS
They are widely used in dentistry. Polymers versus plastics??? Plastic is any material cabable to be shaped . Ductile metals considered as plastic

Polymers: this term means many parts

Polymerisation: process by which the monomer is converted into polymer.

Polymers
They are bonded by covalent bonding along the backbone, and ionic bonding . Polymers are prepared in form of dough then shaped into desired shapes. They harden by: -physical reaction,(cooling, or evapration). Waxes, -chemical reaction,

Types

Impression. Waxes. Denture bases. TCRM.

Ceramics

They are made of metallic oxides. Porcelain. Produced by sintering Glass, produced by melting and fusion of the oxides.

ceramics

They are bonded by ionic bonds. No free electron to conduct heat or electricity.

Poor thermal conductor Stable ,biocompatible Trasparent. Traslucency, due to air bubles Three dimensional crystal structure. Brittle

Types of ceramics

Porcelain Gypsum Investment Cements