TWI CSWIP 3.

1 WIS 5 WELDING INSPECTION HEAT TREATMENT

Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

HEAT TREATMENT
Many metals must be given heat treatment before and after welding. The inspectors function is to ensure that the treatment is given correctly in accordance with the specification or as per the details supplied. Below are the types of heat treatment available. Annealing Normalising Quench Hardening Temper Stress Relief Preheat

Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for steels.

Process Temp Cooling Result

Annealing 9200C Hold, furnace cool Improves ductility, Decreases toughness, Makes bending etc easier, Lowers yield stress

Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for steels.

Process Temp Cooling Result

Normalising 9200C Hold, air cool Relieves internal stress, improves mechanical properties, Increases toughness

Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for steels.

Process Temp Cooling Result

Quench, Harden 9200C Hold, quench cool Hardens carbon steels, prevents carbide precipitation in austenitic steels, prevents temper brittleness when cooling after tempering, prepares metal for tempering

Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for steels.

Process Temp Cooling Result

Temper 550-7000C Hold, air cool Increases toughness of quenched steel

Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for steels.

Process Temp Cooling Result

Stress relief 550-7000C Hold, furnace or controlled cooling Relieves residual stresses, improves stability during machining, reduces hydrogen levels, prevents stress corrosion cracking

Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for steels.

Process Temp Cooling Result

Pre-heat for welding 50-2500C. higher by exception Hold during welding. Prevents cracking and hard zones

Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

HEAT TREATMENT
The inspector, in general, should ensure that:

Equipment is as specified Temperature control equipment is in good condition Procedures as specified, is being used e.g. Method of application Rate of heating and cooling Maximum temperature Soak time Temperature measurement (and calibration)
DOCUMENTATION AND RECORDS
Copyright 2004, TWI Ltd

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology