Figure 24.

15

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Figure 24.15c

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Figure 24.15d

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Figure 24.16 Low-grade copper ore (CuS)

Sprinkling of acidic solution on CuS

Copper ore can be oxidized by oxygendependent (1) and oxygen-independent (2) reactions, solubilizing the copper: 1. CuS 2 O2 Cu2 SO42

2. CuS 8 Fe3 4 H2O Cu2 8 Fe2 SO42 8 H

Soluble Cu2 Acidic solution pumped back to top of leach dump H2SO4 addition Acidic Fe2rich solution

Cu2

Recovery of copper metal (Cu0)

Fe0 Cu2 Cu0 Fe2 (Fe0 from scrap steel)

Precipitation pond Leptospirillum ferrooxidans Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Oxidation pond

Copper metal (Cu0)

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Figure 24.17

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Figure 24.18

Photochemical and other oxidations

Atmosphere Water
Uptake by aquatic animals

Sediment

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Figure 24.19

Encodes MerR, a transcriptional repressor and activator

Encodes MerD, regulation

mer operon

Periplasm

Mercuric reductase

Cytoplasmic membrane

Organomercury lyase

Mercury metabolism
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Figure 24.19a

Encodes MerR, a transcriptional repressor and activator

Encodes MerD, regulation

mer operon

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Figure 24.19b

Periplasm

Mercuric reductase

Cytoplasmic membrane

Organomercury lyase

Mercury metabolism

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Figure 24.20

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Figure 24.21

Oil droplets

Bacteria

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Figure 24.22

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Figure 24.23

DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
(an organochlorine)

Malathion, mercaptosuccinic
acid diethyl ester (an organophosphate)

Reductive Dechlorination
Site of additional Cl for 2,4,5,-T

2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Atrazine, 2-chloro-4-ethylamino6-isopropylaminotriazine

Monuron,
3-(4-chlorophenyl)1,1-dimethylurea (a substituted urea)
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Chlorinated biphenyl (PCB), Trichloroethylene

shown is 2,3,4,2,4,5hexachlorobiphenyl

Figure 24.24

Reductive Dechlorination
Acetate Dioxygenase 2,4,5,-T Succinate Acetate
To citric acid cycle

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Figure 24.25

Polyethylene

Polypropylene

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Polystyrene

Polyurethane

Teflon

PHV

PHB

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