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Group 4 Angeles, Almera Bueno, Kerr Delamide, Aiwenn Evangelista, Nigel Fabilla, Alvin Manguera, Triccie
Questions 1 & 2
What is a test?
Tests or examinations are systematic procedures to measure an individuals observable action or behavior in a certain time. Test measures diverse concepts and topics like knowledge, ability, skills and even personality
What is a test?
Can be administered orally, written, in computer. Standardized Test Non-Standardized Test
Question 3 & 4
Neuropsychological tests attempt to measure deficits in cognitive functioning that may result from some sort of brain damage, such as a stroke or a brain injury.
Occupational tests attempts to match your interests with the interests of persons in known careers
Personality tests attempt to measure your basic personality style and are most used in research or forensic settings to help with clinical diagnoses.
Objective tests present specific questions or statements that are answered by selecting one of a set of alternatives. Projective tests are those that allow complex verbal or graphic responses to ambiguous stimuli.
empirical approach, the tester lets the content choose itself. This approach is best used when making specific predictions about people.
The sequential approach combines the aspects of analytical and empirical techniques.
Questions 5 & 6
b. Clinical Utility and Evidence-Based Assessment only a few psychological tests were used for treatment decisions. There has been a little focus on the extent to which tests can be used to select treatments (Kramer, Bernstein, & Phares, 2009).
c. Legality concerns for Americans with Disabilities this has something to do with proper accommodations for Americans with disabilities. According to the ADA of 1990, there should be necessary accommodations for any person who cannot conform to normal test-taking protocols (Stone, 2011).
c. Informed Consent the client should be informed about the whole testing procedure. The purpose, duration, and the procedures included in the test should be discussed with the client (Stone, 2011).
d. Confidentiality clinicians must maintain records efficiently, securely, and effectively (Stone, 2011).
APPLICATION
Clinicians should be aware of the different testing measures such as validity and reliability. The test limitations and uses should be thought of as well. Clinicians should be aware of the right to privacy of their clients.
Social Responsibility
Question 7 & 8
What is it
Measures central tendency and variability for the test obtained from a large, representative standardization sample. These allow meaningful interpretations of scores. Measure of reliability, usually accomplished by split half method Similarity of results from repeat testings of the same person Similarity of results when multiple raters independently scores on the same test Items on the test adequately sample all important domains associated with the trait or ability being measured Results of the test correlate of other well established measures of the same construct The degree to which the test results remain valid across different segments of the population The degree to which the test results clearly point to specific preffered treatments or can reliably measure changes that results from treatment
Interrater Reliability
Content Validity
Construct Validity
Generalization Validity
Clinical Utility
Triarchic Theory
Robert Sternberg argues that there are three basic kinds of intelligence, analytical, creative and practical. Conventional test measure only the first kind well.
Question 9 & 10
Question 11 & 12
11. Differentiate aptitude test from achievement test. Discuss their uses in the fields such as education, industry, and clinical setting.
Aptitude test
According to Miller, Mclntire, and Lovler (2012), aptitude tests assess a test takers potential for learning or ability to perform in a new job or situation. Aptitude tests measure the product of cumulative life experiencesor what one has acquired over time. They help determine what maximum can be expected from a person.
Achievement test
Achievement test is defined as a psychological test that measures persons previous learning in a specific academic area acquired knowledge or skill. It is designed to assess how much knowledge an individual has in a certain area (Miller, Mclntire, & Lovler, 2012).
Educational Setting
Aptitude test designed to predict the students likelihood to pass or perform in school tests uncover hidden talents and assess the strength and weakness of the students excellent predictors of future scholastic achievements Achievement designed to measure what a student has already learned. Pass or fail used as a benchmark for either gifted or remedial programs. also designed to determine the appropriate level for student who are either new to the system or need to be reassessed for one reason to another (Kramer, Bernstein, & Phares, 2009). used in measuring the IQ of the student.
Industrial Setting
Aptitude test tests assess the applicants potential or success in a certain job (Kramer, Bernstein, & Phares, 2009). filter unsuitable applicants out the selection process. For placement in a certain company Achievement test used as a tool to pick applicants who already possess the skills and knowledge needed to perform the job. Used to filter unsuitable applicants out the selection process For placement in a certain company
Clinical Setting
Both achievement test and aptitude test -serves as a tool to diagnose mental and emotional conditions as an aid to determining appropriate treatments
Clinical Setting
Both achievement and aptitude test
Serves as a tool to diagnose mental and emotional conditions. Serves as an aid to determining appropriate treatments. Serves as an indicator of the progress of the treatment
12. Define psychopathology. Discuss how psychological test could help in their proper assessment.
Psychopathology
Psychopathology refers to the study of mental disorder, mental distress, and abnormal/maladaptive behavior. As a descriptive term, according to Parritz and Troy (2011), psychopathology is defined as intense, frequent, and/or persistent maladaptive patterns of emotion, cognition, and behavior.
Psychological test
Psychological test is an instrument used to measure personal attributes, traits, or characteristics or to predict an outcome (Miller, Mclinter, & Lovler, 2012).
Psychological test
Proper assessment leads to Proper diagnosis of mental disorders To determine whether medicines should be prescribed To formulate proper treatment/intervention mental and emotional illnesses. Help determine the progress of the patient during the treatment Supplement for the interview
What is MMPI?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was created by Starke Hathaway and J.C. McKinley at the University of Minnesota in the 1930s. The 567-item test is mainly used for assessment and diagnostic purposes. Can be considered as a test to identify ones general personality structure but primarily designed to detect psychopathology
What is MMPI?
Basically contains 10 clinical scales and four validity scales, but as research progressed, different measures were also formed, such as the supplementary scales, content scales, and Harris-Lingoes scales, while revisions for the test were also being done.
What is MMPI?
Main advantages of the MMPI are its broad coverage and strong psychometric properties Presents many scales that can give information about the problem the client might be having Can also detect response styles that may question the validity of the profile or can give an idea about the clients attitude High in validity and reliability
What is MMPI?
Some disadvantages are the test is too time consuming May be hard for some clients who are unable to comprehend the questions Test fatigue may also be encountered because the test is long Open to many interpretations Interpretation for individuals in other cultures should be done with caution.