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Change Control
2K6-IX-14 Initial Creation
Unit 2 RoadMap
2.1 Project Phases and the Project Life Cycle 2.2 Project Stakeholders 2.3 Organizational Influences 2.4 Key General Management Skills 2.5 Social Economic Environmental Influences
2.1 Project Phases and the Project Life Cycle 2.1.1 Characteristics of Project Phases 2.1.2 Characteristics of Project Life Cycles 2.1.3 Typical Life Cycles
Gate Activities
Determine if the project should continue into its next phase Review project quality Review deliverables Detect, report and correct defects Gates are defined by the Project Life Cycle
Life Cycles
Phases a system or product goes through E.g. product life cycle E.g. software life cycle Uses
Management and planning Task and result identification Study and improvement
A Rayleigh Curve
Effort Curve
12
Effort/Time Unit
10 8 6 4 2 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 Time Units
time
PM LC Common Characteristics
Cost/staffing is low at beginning and end; rises towards the end to maximum At the start, Probability of Failure and Likelihood of Risk are highest; fall slowly as the project proceeds Ability of stakeholders to change product characteristics is highest at start and falls towards completion
Cost of Changes
Low Project Time
4x
2x
1.5x 1.0x + + + + + + + + + + + +
0.5x
0.25x
Other Categorizations
Internal/external Owners/funders Sellers and contractors Team members and their families Government agencies and media outlets Individual citizens Lobbying groups
Project Manager
Managing Stakeholders
Must be identified and managed Keep them informed of progress or lack of it Identify especially the champion that sits on the Money Board
On Organizations...
... We trained hard... but it seemed that every time we were beginning to form into teams, we would be reorganized... I was to learn later in life that we tend to meet any new situation by reorganizing; and a wonderful method it can be for creating the illusion of progress while producing confusion, inefficiency and demoralization. Petronius Arbiter 60AD
Non-project-based organizations
Makes PM more difficult eg Federal Government or any hierarchy
Coordination
Functional Manager
Staff Staff
Staff Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff engaged in project activities
Staff
Matrix Organizations
Functional
Staff Staff
Staff Staff
Staff Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Project Coordination
Staff Staff
Staff Staff
Staff Staff
Project Manager
Staff
Staff
Project Coordination
PM PM
Staff Staff
Staff Staff
PM
Staff
Staff
Project Coordination
Composite Organization
PHB
Manager of PMs Functional Manager Functional Manager
PM PM
Staff Staff
Staff Staff
Project B Coordination
PM
Staff
Staff
Project A Coordination
Projectized Organization
PHB
Project Manager Project Manager Project Manager
Staff Staff
Staff Staff
Staff Staff
Staff
Staff
Staff
Project Coordination
OS
Proj Chars
Functional
Strong Matrix
Projectized
PMs Authority
Little or none
0% Part time
Coordinator Coordinator PM - PO - Leader - Leader Part time Part time Part time
Admin Staff
Full time
Full time
2.4.1 Leading
Note difference between leading and managing Need both Managing is about producing good results Leading is
Establishing direction Aligning people Motivating and inspiring Reducing personnel conflicts
2.4.2 Communicating
Must be proficient at written and oral Estimated that 90% of the PMs time is spent communicating Internal and external communications Vertical and horizontal Note necessity of the PM being the ONLY spokesperson for the team!!
2.4.3 Negotiating
Necessary to achieve cooperation from others Networking within the organization Give so that you can get at a later date Will negotiate at least
Scope, cost, schedule Changes to above Contract terms and conditions Assignments Resources People conflicts
2.4.5 Influencing
You do this to get things done Must understand the old patch Need to exercise both power and politics Note that both have their evil twin
2.5 Social Economic Environmental Influences 2.5 General 2.5.1 Standards and Regulations 2.5.2 Internationalization 2.5.3 Cultural Influences 2.5.4 Social Economic Environmental Sustainability
2.5 General
You must understand the milieu that you are in
2.5.2 Internationalization
Time-zone differences National and religious holidays Telephonic and communications infrastructure
2.5.4 Social Economic Environmental Sustainability You can be accountable for impacts resulting from a project A civil engineer might dig up some ruins Environment; putting in a road could ruin a pristine environment