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Final Recommendations:
Improving Used Oil Recycling in California
Presentation to the California Integrated Waste Management Board
May 2008
LLNL-PRES-403541
Initial Results:
1. 2. 3. Capacity was not the only limit to increased re-refining of used oil CA hazardous waste designation for used oil is a barrier to re-refining through existing refineries Mixing used oil with crude oil results in more complications than benefits for existing refineries Rapidly concluded that re-refining was not limited by technical feasibility, but by dynamics of current used oil market system
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
LLNL-PRES-403541
evaluated
Haulers
Recyclers
Re-refining proposed as the best solution from both energy resource preservation and environmental conservation perspectives. DOE (2006) Used Oil Re-refining Study to Address Energy Poly Act of 2005 section 1838 Compared with lubricant production from virgin crude: Re-refininig takes 50-85% less energy and produces ~20% of the GHG emissions. American Petroleum Institute; ENSR (2008) End-of-life impacts on air quality from re-refining and MDO are approximately equivalent, and both are significantly better than burning RFO. Boughton and Horvath (2004) Direct burning, such as burning RFO, is advantageous compared to burning coal. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
LLNL-PRES-403541
Fehrenbach (2005)
Single-use Recycling Downcycled Product Results in heavy metals and sulfur emissions Single-use Recycling Downcycled Product Low environmental impact
Closed-loop recycling: Process where the quality of the recycled product equals or exceeds the quality of the original material and can itself be recycled through the same processes in a repeatable cycle Single-use Recycling: Process where the recycled product can not be recycled again and thus has a single finite reuse. Downcycling: Process where the quality of the recycled product is less than the quality of the original material.
Closed-loop Recycling
(75% closed-loop)
Each of the products from used oil recycling are valuable products to the end users
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
LLNL-PRES-403541
National/International Lube Oil Supply Air quality regulations Permitting Difficulties in California API Standards for lube oils CalEPA Hazardous waste categorization of used oil
Air quality regulations Permitting Difficulties in California API Standards for lube oils CalEPA Hazardous waste categorization of used oil
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Permitting Difficulties in California API Standards for lube oils CalEPA Hazardous waste categorization of used oil
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API Standards for lube oils CalEPA Hazardous waste categorization of used oil
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These factors outside Californias used oil system will continue to impact the overall supply and demand for recycled lube oil
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
LLNL-PRES-403541
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Stakeholder Feedback
Highest and best use evaluation
Criticized by producers of single-use recycled products having a low environmental impact
Regulatory Issues
Environmental benefits of hazardous waste designation exceed the associated costs and handling restrictions Mandatory recycled content infeasible Preference for market pressures over government mandates
Market Considerations
Feedback often related to issues that adversely impact respondents own market share Preference for a fair, open market over a closed market: OOS facilities should handle, test, and treat used oil received from CA according to rules followed by in-state facilities
Stakeholders gave incredibly useful and detailed information about process and system dynamics
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
LLNL-PRES-403541
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Recommendations
Enable and encourage highest and best use at every level 1. Reevaluate the fee on lube oil sales 2. Reduce the fee on lube oil sales with recycled content 3. Implement effective Green education for recycled lube oil 4. Encourage and support curbside used oil collection
5. Provide a monetary incentive to recycling facilities producing API certified base lube oil
* Additional Recommendation: Provide a lower monetary incentive to recycling facilities producing industrial lube oil or marine distillate oil over recycled fuel oil
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Acknowledgements
** Numerous CCCs and Haulers
Dennis Batchelder (Pete Kotoff) Kyle Reed Shane Terry Christopher Harris Numerous members John Denholm
CIWMB
Glenn Gallagher Howard Levenson Jeffrey Lin Bert Wenzel Shirley Willd-Wagner Brenda Smyth N. Bonnie Booth Jim Ennis
Bill Briggs Charles Johnston Ame LeCocq Pacific Operators Offshore, Inc.
DTSC:
Bob Boughton Charles Corcoran Reports Library Gary Colbert Bob Sulnick
Evergreen
Evergreen Oil, Inc.
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