Complex Inheritence Genetic Review!

KNOW THESE

RATIO REVIEW
Genotypic Ratio
1:1 or 1/1 Aa 1:2:1 AA/Aa/aa 1:1 Aa/aa

KNOW THESE

Cross
AA x aa Aa x Aa Aa x aa

Phenotypic Ratio
All dominant trait 3:1 1:1

Multiple Alleles in Rabbit Coat Color

Full Colour CC or Ccch or Cch or Cc

Chinchilla cchcch

C > cch > ch > c

Himalayan chc or chch

Albino cc

Cross a FULL COLOUR (homozygous) rabbit with a Himalayan (homozygous) rabbit

Cross a FULL COLOUR (homozygous) rabbit with a Himalayan (heterozygous) rabbit

Cross an albino rabbit with a Himalayan (heterozygous) rabbit

Inheritance
Incomplete Dominance:

KNOW THE DIFFERENCE

When two dominant alleles together only half code. (blending of characteristics) Example: some flowers

Co-dominance:
where both dominant alleles code completely. Examples:
A,B,O blood types, Roan Cattle

Incomplete Dominance

Cross a dark Purple flower with a white flower What is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio?

Incomplete Dominance

Cross two light purple flowers. What is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio?

Codominance

In some cats the gene for tail The Saskatchewan grasshopper is length shows incomplete is black with green and yellowlong tails and dominance. Cats with stripes. Assume that greenare homozygous cats with no tails stripes for from the GG are expressed their respective alleles. Cats phenotype,with one long tail from the one no yellow stripes allele and tail allele have short tails. YY genotype, and both from the For each of the following construct a punnett heterozygous genotype. What will and square and give phenotypic be the phenotypic ratio of the offspring. genotype ratios of the F1 generation a) a long tail cat and a cat with no resulting from a cross tail of two grasshoppers, both with b) a long tail cat green and yellow stripes?and a short tail cat c) a short tail cat and a cat with no tail d) two short tail cats.

Blood types
Describe ABO blood groups as an example of codominance and multiple alleles.

Blood type
If you have type A+ blood, you could be: IA IA RR (OR) IA i Rr

If you have type B- blood, you could be: IB IB rr (OR) IB i rr

If you have AB blood the notation is: IA IB

If you have type O blood: ii

Back to Blood Types:

Question 1. Blood type of the mother is A.
Blood type of the child is B.

Identify genotype of the mother is Ia i OR IaIa Identify genotype of the child is Ib i . (received i from mom) What blood type(s) could the father be?

 "Could a man with type B blood and a woman with type AB produce a child with type O blood?"

A. Possible
B. Not possible

I am trying to figure out what blood type the father of my son could have since my son and I are both type A. Also, my brother is type 0 and my mom is A.

The father could be: A. A, AB, B, or O

B. Either A or B C. Either A or O

Answer.
Note from the table that this mother could have created a child with type A blood with a father of any of the four possible blood types, type A, type AB,

 My daughter is type A, my grandson is type B, we do not know the father of the child there are two gentlemen in question...my question is what are the types that the fathers would have to be in order for him to be a B?

A. B or O
B. A, B, AB or O

C. AB or B
D. A or B

E. A, B, or AB

Answer
The child must be genotype BO. The mother is the source of the Oallele and the biological father is the source of the Ballele.

Epistasis
One allele controls the expression of one or more other alleles.

Remember coat color

Chocolate lab bb

Black Lab BB or Bb

What about the yellow lab?

oat colour in labs is controlled by an epistatic gene in a ecessive form. The yellow lab will have the genotypes of BB b or bb but the epistatic gene will override.

Chocolate lab bb

Black Lab BB or Bb

What about the yellow lab?

Yellow Lab

Black Lab

Chocolate Lab

Define sex linkage. - Sex linkage: genes carried on the sex chromosomes, most often on the X chromosome.

Males must inherit the X chromosome with the genetic disease from their mother!
(always the case with X-linked recessive diseases)

 Outline how the sex chromosomes determine gender by referring to the inheritance of X and Y chromosomes in humans.
Male: Female

= XX = Female =

X
X

XX
XX

XY
XY = XY = Male =

50 : 50 chance of having a boy or girl

Colourblindness
People with normal vision see all the different colors and subtle mixtures of them by using cones sensitive to one of three wavelength of light red, green, and blue There are several different kinds and degrees of color vision deficiencies

Colourblindness
5%-8% of men and 0.5% of women are colorblind. Everyone is colorblind at birth Emerson Moser, who was Crayola's senior crayon maker revealed upon his retirement that he was blue-green colourblind and could not see all the colours!

Mr. Rodgers was colorblind

 Which sex is more likely have a recessive, sexlinked trait? Male Female 2. Which parent do sons inherit recessive, sexlinked traits from? Mother Father 3. Which type of sex chromosome do you find most sex-linked traits on? X Y

 A colourblind man has a child with a woman who is a carrier of the disorder. a. What is the genotype of the man? ______ b. What is the genotype of the woman? ______ c. Fill in the Punnett Square to the right.

 In fruit flies, red eyes are dominant over white eyes. Eye color is a sex-linked trait. A red-eyed male mates with a white-eyed female.
b. What is the genotype of the male? ________ c. What is the genotype of the female? ________ d. Fill in the Punnett Square to the right. e. What is the chance that there will be an offspring with white eyes?

_______

Hemophilia
Neither parent shows hemophilia, but of male children will express the hemophilia disease.

Look at the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the F1 generation!

Hemophilia
inability of the blood to clot mutation in the blood clotting gene Babies born with hemophilia are missing or have a low level of a protein needed for normal blood clotting or blood coagulation 1/4000 males.

Fill in the genotypes for each person

What do you notice about the carriers?
What do you notice about the people with the condition?

Barr Bodies
If a cell has 2 X chromosomes, it will wrap one of them up into a Barr body because the cell can only use one at a time. The Xs get wrapped up randomly, so that both copies have the same chance of being expressed or used.

2 Xs!
Sometimes one X codes, and sometimes the other one codes Cat fur color is found on the X chromosome. Female cats with an orange fur gene and a black fur gene will look calico.

Try this one

Only males have Y chromosomes Passed from father to sons All Y-linked traits are expressed

Approximately three dozen Y linked traits have been

discovered The hairy ears gene is found on the Y chromosome!

Polygenic
Many genes code for one phenotypic trait.
Hair colour and skin colour are polygenic

The hair colour gene, like skin color, is polygenic. Chromosomes 3, 6, 10 and 18 code for Melanin. The greater the number of dominant alleles, the darker the hair. Pheomelanins are red hair pigments.

Hair color is the result of many chromosomes coding for redness and darkness.
GG = Heavy Red Pigment Gg = Medium Red Pigment rr = No Red Pigment