Training4 Nortel Feature Evolution V15.1.1 To V17

1
GSM Cookbook - Features description from

V15.1.1 to V17
KONE Bruno GSM Access RF & System Performance CTF/18-07-08
BUSINESS MADE SIMPLE
GSM Cookbook Topics (1/2)

Training 1: GSM RF Seminar Network Architecture GSM Channel GSM Process (MOC, MTC, idle Process) Network Capacity Network Implementation (Design, link budget) Frequency Planning definition Training 2: Nortel GSM Implementation & Parameters Generalities Cell Selection and Reselection RACH and PCH Channel Control Radio Measurements in communication mode (L1M V2) Communication Supervision Power Control Handover DTX
GSM Cookbook Topics (2/2)

Training 3: AMR Implementation Training 4: Features description from V15.1.1 to V17 AMR Evolution > AMR based on Traffic (AboT) > AMR HR on pre empted PDTCH > FACCH Repetition and Tx Power Offset Network Synchronization Multi Paging UI Handover 2G -3G EMR Multi zone Enhancement Smart Power Management A5/3 Encryption Algo Training 4: GSM Monitoring and Trouble-Shooting
Trouble-Shooting feature & tools presentation (CDA, RMD, IM, CT/CPT) Counters Description from V15.1.1 to V17 Introduction to Network Optimization and Performance GSM High level Metrics description BSS Alarms and Notifications Trouble-Shooting Work Flow
AMR Evolution since V15.1.1
AMR improvement V15.1.1

Benefits
Extra flexibility for the AMR adaptation table selection Reduce the need for updating customized adaptation table in BSC Data Config which require Build On Line Provide parameters to select any of the 4 adaptation tables (optimistic, typical, pessimistic and customized) independently for FR and HR mode and for DL and UL amrAdapatationSet replaced by 4 new parameters
slow MS no FH 5,9 -> 4,75 6,7 -> 5,9 10,2 -> 6,7 12,2 -> 10,2 FR hysteresis 5,9 -> 4,75 6,7 -> 5,9 7,4 -> 6,7 HR hysteresis 8 10 12,5 17,5 2,5 12,5 14 19 3,5 threshold S fast MS no FH 2,5 4 6,5 12,5 1,5 10 12 17 2
Feature
uplink
4FH 3,5 5 7,5 12,5 2 10,5 12,5 17,5 2
ideal FH (>=8) 2,5 4 6,5 12,5 1,5 10 12 17 2
downlink
SFH 900 TU3 4 5,5 7,5 13,5 2 11 12,5 16,5 3
FR
HW support :
BSC3000/TCU3000 with S8K/S12K/BTS18K/eCell/ S2000 L&H
thresh olds
HR
Extra flexibility for AMR tuning
AMR improvement V15.1.1

Parameters
Parameter amrDlFrAdaptationSet Object bts Range [0 to3] 0: typical radio condition 1: optimistic radio condition 2: pessimistic radio condition 3: personalize with the BSC data configuration table [0 to3] [0 to3]
Recommended Value 3
Class 3
amrDlHrAdaptationSet amrUlFrAdaptationSet
bts bts
3 3
amrUlHrAdaptationSet
bts
[0 to3]
AMR HR Based on Traffic V15.1.1

Feature
AMR-HR is activated on a TDMA basis according to the cell load
When AMR-HR is activated on a new TDMA, existing calls in FR in good radio conditions are repacked in HR to free Traffic channels for new calls Risky calls in poor radio conditions are kept in FR to maintain the voice quality

Traffic (Erl) HR capacity
Cell load evaluated on busy TCH ratio (filtered) N+1 Cell LoadState for a N TDMA cell Cell Load State evaluated every 10 sec with 2 parameters AMR_HR_Begin and AMR_HR_End
FR capacity
HR
FR
8
Time

AbOT Algo
The HR cell load state is evaluated by the BSC every 10 seconds, based on a filtered busy TCH ratio and a set of thresholds, based on following principles
busy _ Filtered _ TCH _ ration = * availableTCH _ TSTS + (1 ) * Filtered _ TCH _ Ration 1 _ TCH _
Cell load state Smax S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 -110 directHRRxlev RxLev4 RxLev3 OMC-R RxLev2 RxLev1
RxLev distribution
RxLev parameters, which manage SDCCH to HR direct TCH allocation for new calls, are changed based on load at cell level.
-48 dBm
dBm
(n,p) voting parameters, which manage FR->HR handovers, are (de-)activated on a DRX basis acording to the cell load.
PDTCH is not taken into account in the algo. Example: Cell with 3 TRX: 1BCCH, 1SDCCH 4 PDTCH => 18 TCH available HRCellLoadStart = 80% => 14 TS busy, HR is activated HRCellLaodEnd = 60% => Roughtly 10 TS busy, HR is deactivated 9

AboT Parameters
HRCellLoadStart HRCellLoadEnd
Parameter HRCellLoadStart HRCellLoadEnd filteredTrafficCoefficient

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Object bts bts bts
Range Integer 0100 Integer 0100 Integer 01 step 0.001
Recommended Value 80 60 0.5
Class 3 3 3
AMR signaling evolutions V16

Drivers > Problem formulation :
AMR signaling channels are not optimized to work in the radio conditions, where low codec in full rate are used:
1 1 .E+ 1 AMR 11 .1 AMR 1 .1 FACCH SACCH
1 1 .E- 1
FER
AMR signaling robustness gap
1 .E-1 1
1 1 .E- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Eb/No (dB) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
In a given environment (Eb/No), the error rates for AMR signaling channels are significantly higher than for traffic channels
11 Nortel Confidential Information

DL FACCH Repetition
> Mechanism The Repeated Downlink FACCH functionality is applicable when sending
LAPDm command frames on the TCH/F channel. The BSS uses the Repeated Downlink FACCH functionality when AMR FR codec used is less than enableRepeatedFacchFr, each time the AMNU entity needs to re-transmit an I-frame on FACCH due to T200 expiry, it sends this frame again to the SPU entity (with a flag related to the retransmission). The SPU entity sends first the I-frame on FACCH in TDMA frame M as it does when the feature is disabled. And if the selected CODEC is lower than the threshold set to activate the feature, it stores the LAPDm frame to be repeated in TDMA frame M+ 8 or M+ 9
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Nortel Confidential Information
AMR signaling evolutions - V16

Signaling Tx Offset
> Mechanism
In order to increase the signaling channels (FACCH and SACCH) robustness in downlink, BTS may use a power offset (above the Tx power applicable for speech) to transmit the signaling bursts. The Tx Power Offset for Signaling Channels is applicable to: The first transmission of HO COMMAND and ASSIGNMENT COMMAND for all AMR calls in order to maximize the likelihood of decoding these messages from the first instance, Every re-transmission of I-frame on FACCH for all AMR calls (HR and FR) in order to maximise the likelihood of decoding these messages. Every RR and REJect frame on FACCH corresponding to an uplink retransmission for all AMR calls (HR and FR) in order to improve the two-ways robustness. Every UA (respectively DM) frame on FACCH corresponding to an uplink re-transmission of SABM (respectively DISC) frames for all AMR calls (HR and FR) in order to improve the twoways robustness. The transmission of all SACCH frames for AMR FR 4.75 kbps, 5.9 kbps and 6.7 kbps calls (tunable with an OMC-R parameter sacchPowerOffsetSelection ) in order to avoid radio link time-out (that leads to drop calls.
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AMR signaling evolutions - V16

Signaling Tx Offset
> Mechanism > First case: IF PWR + facchPowerOffset Pnominal THEN SPU modifies the dynamic power control in accordance with PWR + facchPowerOffset > Second case: IF PWR + facchPowerOffset > Pnominal THEN SPU set the dynamic power control to: 0 BTS transmits the frame at Pnominal When applying the power offset,
Same algo for SACCH transmission but the parameter sacchPowerOffset is used
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> DL FACCH repetition increase FACCH DL robustness in bad radio conditions by proactively retransmitting the LAPDM frame after 40 ms instead of waiting for T200 expiry (~180ms) Benefits both legacy mobiles (~2 dB) and Release 6 mobiles performing soft combining (~4 dB) Feature restricted to eDRX (on S8000/12000) & RM (BTS18000) > Signaling Tx Offset Apply a Transmit power offset to SACCH (up to 6 dB) and FACCH (up to 10 dB) messages, compared with traffic channels Allow setting of aggressive AMR target mode power controls Feature restricted to eDRX (on S8000/12000) & RM (S18000)
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Parameters
Parameter enableRepeatedFacchFr facchPowerOffset sacchPowerOffset Object bts bts bts Range Disable / FR 4.75 / FR 5.9 and lower / FR 6.7 and lower [0 to 10] dB (with 2 dB step) [0 to 6] dB (with 2 dB step)
Recommended Value
Class 2 2 2
FR 6.7 and lower

6
sacchPowerOffsetSelection
bts
Disable / FR 4.75 / FR 5.9 and lower / FR 6.7 and lower
FR 6.7 and lower
Other AMR evolutions V16

> ENHANCEMENT OF AMR POWER CONTROL MECHANISM Since this feature improves the downlink robustness, new parameters are introduced to define dedicated target for uplink and downlink AMR CODEC. The existing parameters (hrPowerControlTargetMode and frPowerControlTargetMode) still apply on uplink and two new parameters are introduced for downlink targets: hrPowerControlTargetModeDl: downlink AMR codec target to define the downlink power control threshold for HR AMR calls, frPowerControlTargetModeDl: downlink AMR codec target to define the downlink power control threshold for FR AMR calls, With setting a lower codec as a Downlink Power control target: A more protected AMR speech codec is used in downlink, Overall BS attenuation is higher and the overall interference level is decreased accordingly.
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> RATSCCH activation amrReserved1 This parameters is now available at MMI which allows the activation of RATSCCH procedure for AMR FR calls In v16, an improvement of the L1M has been implemented which consists in the BTS repeating the RATSCCH command until it receives an acknowledgment from the mobile. In v17, a further improvement has been implemented. It consists in improving the robustness of the detection of the acknowledgement message received from the mobile : this increases the probability of correctly decoding this message when it is first received. Thanks to these 2 improvements, amrReserved1 should be set to "0" in V16 and V17. Warning: pessimistic Codec Set 10,2 / 6,7 / 5,9 /4,75 (amRreserved1 = 2) must not be chosen because it would inhibit capacity HO i.e. handover from AMR FR to AMR HR Nortel Confidential Information 18

Parameters
Parameter hrPowerControlTargetModeDl frPowerControlTargetModeDl amrReserved1 Object bts bts bts Range [4k75, 5k9, 6k7, 7k4] [4k75, 5k9, 6k7, 10k2, 12k2] [0 to 2] 0: RATSCCH procedure enabled (default value) 1: RATSCCH procedure disabled - initial Full Rate ACS if optimistic therefore; ACS is [12.2k, 10.2k, 6.7k, and 5.9k] 2: RATSCCH procedure disabled - initial Full Rate ACS if pessimistic therefore; ACS is [10.2k, 6.7k, 5.9k and 4.75]
Recommended Value
Class 3 23 3
7k4
12k2
PDTCH preemption for voice HR channel V17

Introduction: GSM/GPRS TS dynamic sharing > Restriction:
HR voice calls cannot be allocated on preempted PDTCH. call is forced in FR if a PDTCH must be preempted, even if radio conditions would have led to an HR allocation on a normal TCH.
> GSM/GPRS TS Dynamic sharing (introduced in V12.4) increases the efficiency of the Air interface > 3 types of TS are defined: fixed GPRS radio TS : used in order to guarantee a minimal number of radio TS allocated to GPRS in this option, settable at OMC-R fixed GSM radio TS : used only in GSM mode. radio TS shared between GSM and GPRS : by default used in GPRS mode, preempted by GSM in case of lack of fixed GSM radio TS. > Feature benefit: radio interface efficiency (TS usage rate) increased by up to 20% vs GSM only TDMA
PDTCH preemption for voice HR channel V17

Technical overview
> Restriction of GSM/GPRS TS dynamic sharing removed: PDTCH can be preempted by HR channel > In case of voice congestion and high HR penetration, more PDTCH will be preempted, up to the maximum number of preemptable PDTCH > Feature also helps reducing call queuing as queued calls can be directly allocated to HR channel (RFF 32278)
FR channel or HR channel
> Feature activation through a new parameter: gprsPreemptionForHR on bsc object. Values: disabled (default) / enabled > HR channel allocation upon TCH assignment or HO as per the following priority: free HR channel of a TCH with the other HR already allocated free HR channel free HR channel of a preempted PDTCH with the other HR already allocated HR channel of a new preempted PDTCH: in this case, PDTCH preemption procedure is the same as for a FR PDTCH
PDTCH preemption for voice HR channel - V17 Benefits

> Increase cell voice capacity for more than 50% HR usage > Preserve GPRS/EDGE throughput during voice busy hours > Performance:
Significant increase in Erlang capacity, especially for high HR penetration rate simulations show gain up to 36% (14TCH, 6 pre-emptable PDTCH, 2% blocking rate)
Terminals & BSS HW dependencies

> DRX Egal I, DRX Egal II, DRX ND3, eDRX, RM > Not supported on S2000/S4000
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Enhanced Measurement Report (EMR)
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Introduction: legacy measurement report (phase 1)
RXLEV_DL RXQUAL_DL
RXLEV_NCELL(n)
Neighbour BTS Neighbour BTS
Serving BTS
Measurement Report (SACCH)
Neighbour > MS measurement (DL): BTS downlink RXLEV (RXLEV_DL) downlink RXQUAL (RXQUAL_DL) received level from 6 best neighbour cells (RXLEV_NCELL(n)) + cell identifiers (frequency + BSIC) MS_TXPWR_CONF: current MS transmission power (UL)
> BTS measurements (UL): uplink RXLEV (RXLEV_UL) uplink RXQUAL (RXQUAL_UL) current BTS TX power (BS_TXPWR) MS_BS_distance

Introduction: legacy measurement report
> RXLEV Measurement of the MS received signal level: C+I+N 6-bit coding, 64 levels from 0 to 63 Received power = -110 + RXLEV dBM Sample logarithmic averaging during 0.5s, corresponding to the transmission period (480 ms = 1 every 4 26-frame) Measured on the serving cell and the list of neighbour cells > RXQUAL Measurement of the MS received signal quality: BER 3-bit coding, 8 levels averaging during 0.5s Measurement before channel decoding > 2 types of measurements: Full measurement: performed on all slots of the reporting period (possibly including unused slots in case of DTX) Sub measurements: performed only on mandatory sent blocks (12TS instead of 100 TS) L1M decides on the measurement type to be used depending on DTX use indication Nortel Confidential Information 25

Improvements vs legacy measurement report
> EMR is more accurate than legacy measurement report: Current cell RXLEV is computed on all valid blocks, instead of either full values or sub values ( RXLEV_VAL) MS reports Mean_BEP and CV_BEP instead of synthetic indicator RXQUAL Neighboring cell identification: neighboring cells are identified through cell identifier instead of ARFCN+BSIC 15 neighbour cells can be reported in the EMR message, instead of 6 in legacy MR > EMR includes a new counters at TDMA level: Total number of DL transmitted frames Estimated number of DL bad frames Measurement made:
per period of 480 ms for each codec type: AMR-FR (4 counters), AMR-HR (3 counters), EFR/FR (1 counter)
> EMR includes measurements on 3G neighbour cell: RSCP (Received Signal Code Power), equivalent to RXLEV_NCELL 15 neighbour cells max. can be reported (GSM & UMTS)

Terminals & BSS HW dependencies
Dual mode MS & GSM Rel-4 MS BSC3000. Not supported on S4000, S2000E, S2000, S8000-BCF
Parameters
Parameter reportTypeMeasurement Object bts Range 0 : Measurement report 1 : Enhanced Measurement Report 0 : no inband cell is favoured 1: 1 strongest inband cell is favoured 2: 2 strongest inband cells are favoured 3: 3 strongest inband cells are favoured 0, 1, ... 7, 0xFF : 0 dB, 6 dB, , 42 dB, not significant
Recommended Value
Class 3
servingBandReporting
bts
servingBandReportingOffset
bts

Downlink voice quality monitoring
> Evolution of Radio Measurement Distribution (V15.1.1) includes UL FER counter > New DL counters included in Enhanced Measurement Report allow to compute FER DL and provide DL FER distribution per TDMA:
FER DL = number of bad frames / total number of speech frames
EMR DL transmitted frames DL bad frames
FER = number of DL bad frames / total number of DL transmitted frames
> Distribution based on same parameters as FER UL, settable at OMC-R:

4 thresholds (FERThreshold) defining FER ranges number of frames used to compute FER (250 to 3000) FER monitoring for EFR/FR, AMR/HR, AMR/FR
> DVQI (DL voice quality indicator):

Equivalent to UL TEPMOS distribution for DL based on weighted FER with codec usage
DL voice quality indicator DVQI
Handover 2G 3G
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2G 3G service continuity
CS HO GSM-UTRANFDD technologie: Introduction > Objective: allow 3G capable handsets that are connected on 2G layer to move to 3G layer when necessary > UE performs radio measurements on UMTS neighboring thanks to EMR. > The network controls what the UE shall measure and sends the system information data concerning the neighboring cell.
UMTS System
GSM System
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CS HO GSM-UTRANFDD technologie: UMTS Adjacent cells
Parameter MobileCountryCode MobileNetworkCode locationAreaCodeUTRAN Rnc-id Cid FDD_ARFCN scramblingCode Object AdjacentcellUtran AdjacentcellUtran AdjacentcellUtran AdjacentcellUtran AdjacentcellUtran AdjacentcellUtran AdjacentcellUtran String String String Integer (dB) Integer Integer Integer [0 4095] [0 16383] [0 16383] [0 511] Range Recommended Value N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Class 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Diversity
AdjacentcellUtran
0~ No diversity 1~Diversity
N/A
32 UMTS neighbours additional to the 32 GSM neighbours

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CS HO GSM-UTRANFDD technologie: Measurement process(1/2)
MS gives information on neighboring cells in EMR or legacy MR if: earlyClassmarkSendingUTRAN is enabled
Rxlev > qsearchC
CPICH_Ec/No > fDDReportingThreshold2
CPICH_RSCP > fDDReportingThreshold + fDDMultiratReporting
MS reports 3G best cells
Parameter earlyClassmarkSendingUTRAN qsearchC fDDReportingThreshold2 fDDReportingThreshold

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Object bts handovercontrol handovercontrol handovercontrol handovercontrol
Range Integer disabled/enabled Integer 015 Integer 063 Integer 06 (step of 6) Integer 03
Recommended Class Value enabled 7 28 (Ec/N0 =10) 3 (RSCP =-97) 2 3 3 3 3 3
fDDMultiratReporting
CS HO GSM-UTRANFDD technologie: Measurement process (2/2)
Nei 2G
Nei 2G
Serving Cell
Dual Mode MS measures:

on the serving cell: RXLEV & RXQUAL on neighbour GSM cells: RXLEV (n) (measured on BCCH, BSIC) + CPICH_RSCP of the best 3G
Nei 3 G
cells
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MS sent in an Enhanced Measurement report to BTS
CS HO GSM-UTRANFDD technologie: Handover service
For dual mode MS, the BSC sends the service handover value to the BTS on beginning of communication
service handover value

Shall not Should not
Handover to UMTS impact

No UMTS neighbouring cell shall be present in the candidate cells list. UMTS neighbouring cells can be present present in the candidate cells list only if handover cause is traffic or alarm reason. For PBGT, no UMTS neighbouring cell shall be present in the candidate cells list.
The impact of this Parameter is Core Network dependent
Should
UMTS neighbouring cells can always be present in the candidate cells list.
Parameter gsmToUMTSServiceHO
Object bsc
Range 0:Should; 1:Should not; 2:shall not; 3: gsmToUMTSDisabled
Recommended Value 0
Class 3
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CS HO GSM-UTRANFDD technologie: Handover Algo
2G expression
EXP1(n) = RxLevNCell(n) ave - [ rxLevMinCell(n) + Max(0, msTxPwrMaxCell(n) msTxPwrCapability(n) ) ]
PBGT(n) = Min [msTxPwrCapability(Band0), msTxPwrMax] Min [msTxPwrCapabilityCell(n), msTxPwrMaxCell(n)] + (RxLevNCell(n)ave RxLevDLave))
3G expression
EXP1(n) = CPICH_RSCP(n) rxLevMinCellUTRAN(n)
PBGT(n) = (CPICH_RSCP(n) - RxLevDLave)
Maximum transmission power level the MS is allowed to use in traffic channel is not taken into account in EXP1 and PBGT for 2G -3G HO decision
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CS HO GSM-UTRANFDD technologie: Handover Algo
CPICH_RSCP(A) CPICH_RSCP
or < rxLevDLPbgtUTRAN(A)
< rxLevMinCellUTRAN(A)
CPICH_RSCP(B) rxLevMinCellUTRAN(B)>0 and (CPICH_RSCP(B) - RxLevDLave) hoMarginXX >0
3G layer: Cell A
3G layer: Cell B
Neighboring cell Cell ID Cell A Cell B

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L1M algorithms can be reused for HO to a UMTS cell, except capture HO and directed retry
2G layer
CS HO GSM-UTRANFDD technologie: Handover Parameters
Parameter hoMarginUTRAN hoMarginAMRUTRAN hoMarginRxLevTRAN hoMarginRxQualTRAN hoMarginDistTRAN rxLevDLPbgtUTRAN hoMarginTrafficOffsetUTRAN hoPingPongCombinationUTRAN hoPingPongTimeRejectionUTRAN offsetPriorityUTRAN rxLevMinCellUTRAN T3121
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Object adjacentCellUTRAN adjacentCellUTRAN adjacentCellUTRAN adjacentCellUTRAN adjacentCellUTRAN adjacentCellUTRAN adjacentCellUTRAN adjacentCellUTRAN adjacentCellUTRAN adjacentCellUTRAN adjacentCellUTRAN bts
Range -63 to 63 -63 to 63 -63 to 63 -63 to 63 -63 to 63 -63 to 63 -63 to 63 List of cause GSM to UMTS 060s 15 -63 to 63 2 to 255s
Recommended Value (W/0 ETP) -12 63 63 63 63 - 48db 63 See eng 30 1 -97 12
Class 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2G to 3G Handover Execution (CS)
UE BTS BSC 2G-MSC 3G-MSC RNC
Handover Indication
BSSMAP: Handover Required T7 Started
MAP: Prepare Handover
RANAP: Relocation request (Source RNC to target RNC Transparent container) Q.2630.1 ERQ Q.2630.1 ECF RANAP: Relocation request Ack
BSSMAP: Handover Handover command command RR: Intersystem to UTRAN (Handover to UTRAN T7 Stopped Command) T8 +T3121 Started Handover command (handover to UTRAN command
MAP / Prepare Handover ack
(RRC: handover to UTRAN command)
RRC: Handover to UTRAN Complete MAP: Process access RANAP: Relocation detect signalling RANAP: Relocation complete (relocation detect) RF Chan rel RF Chan rel ack BSSMAP: Clear command T8 +T3121 Stopped BSSMAP: Clear complete MAP: send end signal
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CS HO GSM-UTRANFDD technologie: Traffic distribution Strategy
eligible 3G layer: Cell A 3G layer: Cell B

Tunning HO traffic parameters
PBGT pseudo capture by using negative HoMarginUtran & tuning RxlevMincellUtran
eligible 2G layer
2G layer is favor for accessibility Tuning of uMTSAccessMinLevel
2G layer
HO 2G -3G tuning will be applied according to several strategy scenario

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Multi Zone
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Multi Zone
Single BCCH Description >The main principle is to define two zones in a cell: inner zone (band1) and outer zone (band0). >The outer zone contains the TRXs that cover the whole cell area. >The inner zone TRXs may or may not match the outer zone coverage area. >Outer Zone manages BCCH, Signaling (SDCCH), and traffic (TCH) channels, while Inner Zone only manages the traffic (TCH) channels.
Band1 layer carries only TCH
Band0 layer carries BCCH, SDCCH and TCH

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Multi Zone
Single BCCH: Direct TCH Allocation (Call Set Up)
RxlevDL > ConcentAlgoExtRxLev + hoMarginBeg
or for AMR HR direct allocation in small zone
RxlevDL > AMRDirectAllocIntRxLevDL + hoMarginBeg & RxlevUL > AMRDirectAllocIntRxLevUL + hoMarginBeg
The time spent on SDCCH is not long enough to compute a weighted average on downlink Rxlev measurement before reception of the Abis connection state request. Therefore in V17, L1M compensates by adding hoMarginBeg
Innerzone
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concentAlgoExtRxLev
Outerzone
Multi Zone
Single BCCH: Interzone Handover principle
Ms call is allocated in Outerzone : if RxlevDL > ConcentAlgoExtRxLev Then MS moves to Innerzone Ms call is allocated in Innerzone : if RxlevDL < ConcentAlgoIntRxLev Or RxQualDL < lRxQualDL Or RxQualUL < lRxQualUL Then MS moves to Outerzone
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Innerzone
concentAlgoExtRxLev
concentAlgoIntRxLev
Outerzone
MutiZone HO Types
Interzone (Intracell Interband) HO: band1 --> band0 Intercell intraband HO: band1 --> band1 Interzone (Intracell Interband) HO: band0 --> band1 :
Intracell intraband HO: band0 --> band0 OR band1--> band1
Intercell interband HO: band1 --> band0
Intercell intraband HO: band0 --> band0:
Intercell interband HO: band0 --> band1
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V17- Multi Zone Enhancement

Interzone Handover: BS & MS Power compensation (1/2)
interZone handover
RxLev DL
biZonePowerOffset
SACCH
BS Pwr Att
In V17.0, the enhancement is to compensate the difference of propagation between the 2 zones thanks to power control
SACCH
Band 1
Band 1
There is no power compensation during the handover: the initial power after a handover doesnt take into account the difference of radio propagation between the two bands => There is signal drop leading to problem of assignment or bad voice quality
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Interzone Handover: BS & MS Power compensation (2/2)
Delta_RxLev_DL_oz_to_iz= ZoneTxPwrMaxReduction [oz] - ZoneTxPwrMaxReduction [iz] - biZonePowerOffset
Delta_RxLev_UL_oz_to_iz= - biZonePowerOffset
biZonePowerOffset = 0 in case of concentric cell & dual coupling system Of course, on a handover from the inner to the outer zone, we have:
Delta_RxLev_DL_iz_to_oz = - Delta_RxLev_DL_oz_to_iz Delta_RxLev_UL_iz_to_oz = - Delta_RxLev_UL_oz_to_iz
When initiating an inter-zone handover, the BSC shall adapt the BS and the MS power control attenuations depending either on the difference of radio propagation according to the frequency band or on the difference of nominal output TX power between both zones.
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Interzone Handover: Power adapatation (1/2)
MS power management: No power adaptation is required on the uplink for a Concentric cell or a Dualcoupling cell. For dual band:
If (Delta_RxLev_UL_xz_to_yz < 0) then new_MS_power (dBm) = Min(old_MS_power (dBm) - Delta_RxLev_UL_xz_to_yz ; MsTxPwrMaxCnx_new_band ) Else new_MS_power (dBm)= old_MS_power (dBm)
MS power control shall be enabled
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Interzone Handover: Power adapatation (2/2)
BS power management: if Delta_RxLev_DL_xz_to_yz is less than zero, a power loss shall be compensated thanks to a power increase (i.e. BS attenuation decrease) else the latter MS power is kept unchanged.
If (Delta_RxLev_UL_xz_to_yz < 0) then new_BS_power (attenuation in dB) = Max(0, old_BS_power (attenuation in dB) + Delta_RxLev_DL_xz_to_yz ) Else new_BS_power (attenuation in power level) = old_BS_power (attenuation in power level)
If the BS power control is disabled or on BCCH TDMA, there is no real power adaptation as the BTS shall emit at the maximum power allowed in the zone
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Multi Zone
Single BCCH: parameters Overview
biZonePowerOffset
49
zoneTxPowerMaxreductio n
Multi Zone: Parameters involved (1/3)

Early ClassMark Sending (class 3) (bts)
It indicates if a multiband MS is authorized to send the early Classmark change message to the BSC via the BTS. The Classmark change indicates the frequency bands supported by the MS and MS power classes to perform HO procedures in the best conditions If Enabled, this allows the MSC to receive the multiband information from MS and to pass it on to the target BSC. It will speed up call set-ups, Handovers and Directed retries. Currently all Dual band cells are set to Allowed. However, all the cells that have a Dual Band neighbor should have this parameter set to allowed to access direct inner zone handovers in dual band cells (Used in EXP3 discussed later) Recommended value [Allowed] for multi band networks
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> Following parameters are used in the Dual band Mono-BCCH implementation: - concentAlgoIntRxLev : minimum signal strength below which a HO is triggered from band1 (inner zone) to band0 (outer zone). - concentAlgoExtRxLev : maximum signal strength beyond which a HO is triggered from band0 (outer zone) to band1 (inner zone). - biZonePowerOffset (in HandOverControl): an offset in the serving cell which is used to estimate the virtual RxLev of band0 (outer zone). Only used when the MS leaves the current bizone cell out of its band1 (inner zone). (rxLev_band0 = rxLev_band1+ biZonePowerOffset); it is actually the difference in the signal strength between GSM and DCS bands (typically 8-12 db). It has to be calculated because all handover thresholds are defined according to the outerzone/band0 signal level. - biZonePowerOffset (n) (in adjacentCellHandover): an offset in neighboring cell which is used to estimate the virtual RxLev of band1 signal to determine if the MS can directly access the inner band in the neighboring cell. biZonePowerOffset(n) >= concentAlgoExtRxLev rxLevMinCell (n)
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> Following parameters are used in the Dual band Mono-BCCH implementation: - ZoneTxPowerMaxReduction Class 2 (transceiverZone) : Attenuation with respect to bsTxPowerMax, which defines the maximum TRX transmission power in the zone (Used in creating two different coverage areas for two zones in monozone Concentric Cells). Dual band Concentric cell recommended value: large zone = [0] dB, small zone = [0] dB
- TransceiverEquipmentClass (class 2) (transceiverEquipment)

When dual band (concentric cell) is used, the class of a TRX/DRX enables to distinguish which DRX and which TDMA are used in the outer or inner zone. Class 1 corresponds to a TDMA in 900 band carrying BCCH so belonging to transceiverZone = 0 (large/outer zone). Class 2 corresponds to a TDMA in 1800 band not carrying BCCH so belonging to transceiverZone = 1 (small/inner zone) - TransceiverEquipmentClass (class 2) (transceiverZone) Class of the TRX/DRXs partnered with the TDMA frames of the zone. The class of a TRX/DRX sets its maximum transmission power. Class 1 corresponds to a TDMA in 900 band carrying BCCH so belonging to transceiverZone = 0 (large/outer zone). Class 2 corresponds to a TDMA in 1800 band not carrying BCCH so belonging to transceiverZone = 1 (small/inner zone).
52
Multi Zone Enhancement

Interzone Handover: Parameters(1/2)
Parameter concentricCell ConcentAlgoExtRxLev ConcentAlgoIntRxLev ConcentAlgoExtMsRange ConcentAlgoIntMsRange biZonePowerOffset biZonePowerOffset rxLevMinCell zoneFrequencyHopping zoneTxPowerMaxreduction bts handovercontrol handovercontrol handovercontrol handovercontrol handovercontrol AdjacentCellHandover AdjacentCellHandover TransceiverZone TransceiverZone Object Range 0:monozone; 1:concentric 2:dualband; 3:dualcoupling -63 to 63 -63 to 63 -63 to 63 -63 to 63 -63 to 63 -63 to 63 -110 to 48 0: hopping 1:not hopping Large zone [0] Small zone[155] dB 03 Recommended Value TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD Class 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2
Transceiver equipment class TransceiverEquipment
53
Multi Zone Enhancement

Interzone Handover: Parameters(2/2)
Parameter Object Range 1 or 2 0: large; 1small 09 According to GSM band Not allowed Allowed 0..47 Recommended Value TBD TBD TBD TBD Allowed Class 2 2 2 2 3 Transceiver equipment class TransceiverZone TransceiverZone StandardIndicator msTxPwrMax2ndBand Early callsmark sending TransceiverZone bts bts bts
btsTxPowerMax
bts
43
54
Paging Process Evolution
55
UI Multi paging
Multi paging Principle
The multipaging command message is a Nortel Specificity. The principle of this implementation is to form group of paging on the Abis interface. Before BSS V14.3.1, for each paging message receives from the MSC; one paging message is sent on Abis interface to a target cell.
The aim of this feature is to reduce the congestion and overload messages on Abis interface. In order to achieve this goal, a new BSC timer Called T_Paging_Group was introduced, to define the minimum of time between two occurrences of multi paging command messages on Abis interface.
MSC
Paging MS1 Paging MS2 Paging MS3
BSC T_Paging_group Multi paging command MS1, MS2, MS3 T_Paging_group

Paging MS4
BTS
Multi paging command MS4
UI Multi paging
UI Multipaging Principle
Each time a data request message (I frame on LapD) is used to convey a multipaging message to the BTS, the BSC has to wait for an acknowledgement before sending the next Multipaging message. Therefore, the paging process is RTD dependent. Using the Unit Data Request message (UI frame on the LapD), no acknowledgement is required before sending the next frame, which decreases the lapd bandwidth associated to the BCCH TRX for paging messages. .
BTS
I frame number N (paging) Ack frame number N I frame number N+1 (paging)
BSC
BTS
UI frame number N (paging) UI frame number N+1 (paging)
BSC Line throughput dependency

No need to wait for the acknowledgement of the frame number N
RTD dependency
Using a Data Request Message (I frame on LapD) to send paging message to the BTS follows this principle (the lapd window is 1):
UI Multi paging
Feature Activation
The feature is deactivated by default and can be activated thanks to a build on line. Recommended upgrade steps are the following: Upgrade of the BSC without activation of the UI MultiPaging feature (type 4) Upgrade of the BTS supported by the BSC Activation of the UI Multipaging feature in the BSC (via a build on line).
Extended CCCH
FS B - BCCH + CCCH downlink SDCCH Beacon frequency
TS0TS1TS2TS3TS4TS5TS6TS7
C B
FS
C C - -
C C
FS
C C - -
FS C
C C - -
C C
FS
C C - -
C C
C -
Extended CCCH downlink
This feature consists of allowing the configuration of extended CCCH on TS 2, 4 and 6 of the BCCH TDMA. This feature allows to increase the rate of Paging and Immediate Assignment messages related to the cell
Extended CCCH is mandatory from: - 7 TRXs in mono-layer - 5 TRXs in multi-layer (micro or dual-band)
8 TDMA
Paging Capacity Evolution
60
Abis CS paging mode PS paging mode Grouping capacity CS paging Send method Send periodicity Send rate PS paging Send rate A i/f filter CS paging BSC filter Network Engineering limits CS paging PS paging (config A) PS paging (config B) Radio limit (function of BTS parameters)
V14.3.0/1, V15.0 1
multipaging I (RSL) single paging I (GSL) 10 pages/group wait until timer expiry 200ms (fixed) max 50 paging/s/LAC 1 page/message limited by Abis RTD 45 paging/s/BSC N/A 31 paging/s/BSC 31 paging/s/LAC 22-24 paging/s/RAC 10 paging/s/RAC 15-80 paging/s/cell
V14.3.2, V15.1
multipaging I (RSL) single paging I (GSL)
V15.1.1
multipaging UI (RSL) multipaging UI (GSL)
4
12 pages/group wait until timer expiry 200ms (fixed) max 60 paging/s/LAC 1 page/message limited by Abis RTD 120 paging/s/BSC (12 msg / 100 ms) N/A 64 paging/s/BSC 32 paging/s/LAC 35 paging/s/RAC * 14 paging/s/RAC * 15-80 paging/s/cell 12 pages/group do not wait for timer expiry 200 ms (max) > 60 paging/s/LAC combined with CS combined with CS
105 paging/s/BSC 105 paging/s/BSC (CS + PS) 100 paging/s/BSC 100 paging/s/LAC combined with CS 30 paging/s/RAC 15-80 paging/s/cell
* V15.1 only
2 3
Config A = 2-phase access and CCCH@BTS Config B = 1-phase access (only after V15.0) or No CCCH@BTS
1 2 3 4
V14.3.0 FN 25604 (multipaging command) Lapd V15.1 FN 26257 (Paging load distribution on Agprs LAPD) V15.1 FN 26306 (RTD LAPD) V15.1.1 FN 29479 (Paging capacity increase UI)
LAC A Agprs A i/f filter BSC filter

Abis
RAC
LAC RAC
61
Security
62
A5/3
Introduction
RAND A3
Ki A8 Kc
RAND
SRES
Authentication > Authentication:
A5
A3 provides SRES from RAND and Ki, A8 provides Kc from the same arguments Triplets (RAND, SRES, Kc) allow the network to authenticate end-users
> Encryption:
A5 allows data encryption/decryption from Kc Encryption prevents intercept and decoding of users data and signalling transiting on the air interface, in particular IMSI, IMEI, and calling/called numbers A5 embedded in the MS and BTS
A5/3
Risks on A5/1 & A5/2
> Several attacks published on A5/2 since 1997 led GSM Association to prohibit the use of A5/2 from all GSM networks from end 2006 > A5/1 security more and more challenged as it uses the same ciphering key as A5/2 > GSMA may impose A5/3 in case of increasing risk on A5/1
A5/3
Technical description > Principle
Converts 64-bit blocks under the control of a 128-bit key (Kc) Based on KASUMI algorithm specified in 3GPP TS 35.202
> DRX
Due to the hardware constraints, A5/3 algorithm designed only on DRX ND3, eDRX and RM; older DRX do not support A5/3 New algorithm available by software upgrade from the BSC via Abis interface
> OMC / BSC

Normally supports all encryption algorithms Enabled through parameter encryptionAlgoSupported settable at OMC level; class-3 parameter, can be modified on line BSC applies A5/3 to a communication provided that it is activated, supported by DRX type and MS; otherwise, fallback to A5/1 or no encryption
> MS
All MS launched currently support A5/3 but penetration still low as first A5/3 capable MS launched 4Q05
A5/3
Feature summary > Technical overview
> Based on KASUMI algorithm specified in 3GPP TS 35.202 > Converts 64-bit blocks under the control of a 128-bit key (Kc)
> Dependencies
> BTS: DRX ND3, eDRX, RM. Not supported on ND & old design DRX > BSC 3000. Not supported on BSC12000 > MS: A5/3 capable > MSC: must support phase II OAM parameters (cypherModeReject, encryptAlgoAssComp)
66
Smart power management

Features description
This feature permits to reduce BTS power consumption by automatically switching the PA off when no communication is in progress on the TRX for some time. PA is automatically switched on as a communication establishment begins. The PA can be switched OFF or ON thanks to an electronic switch. This switch can be set to ON or OFF by software, thanks to a dedicated new TX firmware function.
Parameter Object Range Recommended Value Class
SmartPowerManagement
btsSiteManager
Enable/disable the smart power management feature
Enable
67
Smart power management

Field results Market drivers & Benefits
Dynamically adjust BTS power consumption to the actual cell traffic TDMA are switched off if still inactive after a certain timer period, settable at OMC-R
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 1 1 Time 11 1 11 11
Power consumption (dual band site)
HW dependencies
BTS 18000/6000/9000 S8000/S12000 V18 PoI
Watts DC
W/o SPM (Watt DC) W/ SPM (Watt DC) Saving (%) Saving (Watt DC)
11 1 11 11 1111 1 % 1 1
11 11 1111 1+ 11 11 1 11 11 11 1 11 11 1% 1 1% 1 11 1 11 1
Environmentally friendly BTS power bill reduction

- 2155 kWh/year - 172 /year
Based on VO field results in EMEA Tier 1 customer
RF Feature
69
Interferer cancellation Overview

noise
X
f1
WANTED
f1 interferer f1
WANTED
Signal received= f1 wanted + f1 interferer + noise
DSP
(useful signal)
noise
f1 wanted
OUTPUT
INPUT
70
f1 interferer
Interferer cancellation Principle 1/2

Combination of signal processing and space diversity techniques to cancel interference according to propagation conditions
Signal processing:
On each antenna, at reception level, the training sequence is used to estimate the impulse response, so deduce usefull signal and noise and interferences Not accurate when there are no interferers
space diversity technique (Maximum Ratio Combining algorithm)
find a linear combination of the antenna signals so that the interferer signal is nulled (=antenna diagram with a zero value on the interferer direction)
71
Interferer cancellation Principle (2/2)

The Maximum Ratio Combining algorithm points the main lobe on the useful signal Interferer cancellation acts as if an antenna null was pointed on the strongest interfering mobile. Without interferer the algorithm acts as a pure diversity algorithm (MRC) Parameter set at OMC-R: parameter: trade-off the pure noise performances against the dominant interferer case
72
Interferer cancellation Antenna radiation patterns
No Interferer
One Interferer
73
Interferer cancellation Parameter

Parameter Object interferer cancel algo usage bts
Range
Recommended Value 50%
Class 2
[0 to100]% - 0%: Maximum Ratio Combining (best pure thermal noise sensitivity): no interference cancellation, minimum speed correction. - 50%: MRC when no interferers (same pure thermal noise sensitivity as 0%): interference cancellation, medium speed correction. - 100%: Approximate MRC when no interferers: interference cancellation, best speed correction.
signification : weight of the interferer in the network Values : 0% : no interference; input signal = useful signal + white noise 50% : half interference, half white noise; input signal = useful signal + white noise + interfering signal 100% : no white noise; input signal = useful signal + interfering signal
74
Interference cancellation Parameter settings

= 50% is a good compromise between interference cancellation and pure thermal noise sensitivity:
does not degrade the sensitivity gives almost the same interference cancellation performance as = 100% 0.5 dB cancellation loss in the range I/N = 0 t o 20dB (compared to 100%) medium trafic area (where isolated interferers will be removed with no coverage degradation)
= 100%achieves best interference cancellation, when pure thermal noise sensitivity is not an issue (not coverage, but interference limited)
75
Interferer cancellation Synchronous interferer - Simulations

I n t e r f e r e n c e C a n c e lla t io n - S e v e r a l S y n c h r o n o u s I n t e r f e r e r s
(d B ) 1. 1 1 -1 .1
S1 1 1 1 T y p i c a l U r b a n E n v i r o n m e n t - R x q u a l 1 ( b e r =1 1 1 p e r c e n t ) .
loss of 1.5 dB du to the non white noise

8dB Gain
no degradation of sensitivity
-1 .1 C/(n.I+N) -1 .1 -1 .1 -1 .1 -1 .1 1I n 1I n 1I n 1I n 1I n Legend te te te te te rfe re rfe re rfe re rfe re rfe re r rs rs rs rs
fe a tu re O F F fe a tu re O N
Thermal noise dominant

-1 .1 -1 1
76
Interference dominant
-1 1 n .I/N 1 11 11 11 11 11 (d B )
-1 1
-1 1
-1 1
-1 1
Interferer cancellation Asynchronous interferer

The determination of the main lobe and the nulls of the antenna is computed during the training sequence at the center of the useful burst (26 bits) The accuracy of the computations depends on the time frame when interferences occur:
Interferer during the training sequence time frame Interferer outside the training sequence time frame.
Training sequence Useful signal interferer White noise
77
Interferer cancellation Asynchronous interferer : simulations

I n f l u e n c e o f I n t1 r f e r e r D e l a y e In t e r fe r e r - N o is e
- 1 1 1 1- T 1 1 - C a n d I i n d e p e n d e n t - C / N 1 1 d B - I / N 1 1 d B S U = =
Legend 1a n t . 1a n t . f e a t u r e O F F 1a n t . f e a t u r e O N 1- 1 e
BER
1- 1 e
Interferer in the window: it is eliminated
1- 1 e
Interferer outside the window : same performances as MRC

In fo r m a tio n B its (u s e fu l b u rs t) 11 11 11 11 11 11 T r a in in g S e q . (u s e fu l b u rs t) 11 11 tim e s h if t 11 111 In f o r m a t io n B it s (u s e fu l b u rs t) 111 111 111 111 ( b i t P e r i o d )
78
Interferer cancellation Asynchronous interferer : Assumptions

Ass.: during the useful signal burst, there are 2*n asynchronous interferers from same energy interferer s synchronisation have been randomly picked up results have been averaged over all synchronisation values
TSC interf. 1 TSC interf. 3 interf. 2 TSC interf. 4 time Useful burst
79
Interferer cancellation Asynchronous interferer : Simulations

In te r fe r e n c e C a n c e lla t io n - S e v e r a l A s y n c h r o n o u s In te r fe r e r s
(d B )
S1 1 1 -1 T y p i c a l U r b a n E n v i r o n m e n t - R x q u a l1 ( b e r =1 1 1 p e r c e n t ) .
1. 1
1. 1
C/(n.I+N)
-1 .1
Legend 1x 1 C o n s e c u t i v e I n t e r f e r e r s 1x 1 C o n s e c u t i v e I n t e r f e r e r s 1x 1 C o n s e c u t i v e I n t e r f e r e r s fe a tu re O F F fe a tu re O N
-1 .1
-1 .1 -1 1
80
-1 1
-1 1
-1 1
-1 1
-1
1 n .I/N
11
11
11
11
11
(d B )
What is NW synchronisation ?
Principles of the feature with an engineering view.
Network synchronisation general overview

Non synchronised NW
TSC : centre of the burst
Cell x1 TDMA y1 FN z1 Cell x2 TDMA y2 FN z2
z1
z1 + 1
z2
z2 + 1
Cells time base = from PCM time. Only the cells of the same site (on the same PCM) can be aligned. All FN in the network are random
82

Synchronised NW
Cell x1 TDMA y1 FN z Cell x2 TDMA y2 FN z + offset
z+1
z+o
z+o + 1
Bursts are aligned FNs can be determined

83

Burst synchronisation and time synchronisation
Cell x1 TDMA y1 FN z1 Cell x2 TDMA y2 FN z2
z1
z1 + 1
z2
z2 + 1
Time synchronisation
Burst synchronisation
Burst synchronisation : for PCM clock differences Time synchronisation : for FN differences
84
Network synchronisation new parameters

Nortels implementation of NW synchronisation
Nortel parameter name Definition Range Default value Recommended value
btsSMSynchroMode
1 normal : 1 master : 1 slave : Activation of the Synchronization feature 1 gpsBurstSync : 1 gpsTimeSync : 1 masterGpsBurstSync : 1 masterGpsTimeSync :
Identity of the master BTS Master BTS id or empty
1 normal :
Depends on context
masterBtsSmId
fnOffset
empty
Depends on context Set by NW planning
tnOffset
Allows to specify and control FN difference between BTS. FNOffset parameter is on a per site basis. Allows to specify and control TN difference between BTS
1 11111 1 1
Set by NW planning
Apparently, only few parameters
85
Network synchronisation other parameters

Besides the specific NW synchronisation parameters > Direct interaction
BSIC (BCC/TSC + NCC) FN Offsets (SACCH, SCH)
> Hopping law

HSN Nb. And list of Frequencies (MA list) MAIO
> Others
May require HO tuning, PW control tuning May require specific planning solutions
Besides the feature specific parameters, numerous engineering planning actions must be taken
86
What is NW synchronisation ?
Synthesis > From random to deterministic situation
Bursts are synchronised (position in the burst is no longer random) FN are no longer random Pseudo-random aspects remains (RNTABLE)
> Requires engineering

New parameters planning Planning has to be rethought (BSIC plan, SACCH plan ) Further tuning actions compare to synchronised situation
The reduction of random aspects allow more precise planning, on another hand, synchronizing a NW is a different story and previous knowledge (rules) have to be updated accordingly (studies).
87
What is expected with NW synchronisation ?
Overview of the areas of change

Clarify advantage vs. considerations
Collision probability : FNs are deterministic. Optimal Interferences quantity solution improving performances ? Non recoverable collisions probability : Is collision probability the best ? Less interferences Interferers are "burst synchronized" Interferences impact Features of interference and noise cancellation work better. Less interferences impact Optimal scheduling of SACCH : optimal DTX Others Optimal BSIC (SCH) reading by MS : optimal HO procedure Evenly spread channels could induce better performances
Variability, range and number of the parameters : feasibility of the best solution. Gain limitations : tends to 1 /Nb. Frequencies Maybe already optimal Not that easy to achieve TSCs collisions are worse, TSC range is only 1 TSC (BSIC) , planning : precision of IM, feasibility Areas needing improvement may not be the ones with benefits SAIC mobiles performances incertitude Requires a careful TSC planning More pertinent in some areas FN planning in 1dimensions (SACCH, SCH, Pb Collision) Evaluation (measurements) of impact on HO and on DTX Feasibility, real quantity of impact ?
A potential for improvement if engineered with care.
89
Detailed areas of change: Quantity of interferences

Questions > Planning : Could some associations (MA lists, HSN, MAIO, FN, TN) be better than others ? > Variability : Does the complexity of planning limit the feasibility of the solutions ? > Limitations : What is the range of impact on interferences quantity ?
We try here to answer the question can a deterministic planning reduce the interferences quantity better than the pseudo-random one of non synchronised NW ?
90

Quantity of interferences = Collisions probability.
Cell x1, HSN1= 9 MAIO1= 0 FN1 = 150 MA list = 38 Freq Cell x2, HSN2= 10 MAIO2= 26 FN2 = 1450 MA list = 38 Freq
F24
F30
F4
F33
F25
F26
F26
F19
collision
F22
F16
F22
F5
F2
F26
F37
F36
Duration : d Depends on 9 parameters
91

Collision probability : depends on 9 parameters > Example of calculation times for fractional reuse (only 7 parameters) :
With 31, 37 and 40 frequencies Even after algorithm optimizations (84864 vs. 2715648 frames )
Processing systematic calculations nb Delta nb of Calculation duration duration nb HSN nb MAIO FN calculations sec days years 111 11 11 11 111 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,1 1 1 1 1 ,1 1 1 1 1 1 11 , 1 111 11 1 1 1 1 111 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1, 111 11 , 1 111 11 1 1 1 1 111 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 11 1 1 1 1111 1 1 1 11 1, 111 11 , 1
Calculation time The limiting factor
92

Gains limitations : fractional reuse
Nb of combinations (HSN1 , HSN1 MAIO 1 MAIO 1 FN1 , , , , FN1 ) Distribution of Co-channel probability of collisions for 11 frequencies 111 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1
1 ,1 1 % 1, 11 % 1 ,1 1 % 1, 11 % 1, 11 % 1, 11 % 1 ,1 1 % 1 ,1 1 % 1 ,1 1 % 1 ,1 1 % 1 ,1 1 % 1 ,1 1 % 1 ,1 1 % 1 ,1 1 % 1 ,1 1 % 1 ,1 1 % 1 ,1 1 % 1 ,1 1 % 1 ,1 1 1 % 1 1 ,1 1 %
1/38
Collision Pb (%)
Planning has to find the right MAIO combinations
1/31
NbFreq 1 1
Min Pb 11 % , 1
Max Pb 1, 1 11 %
Avg Pb 11 % , 1
StD Pb 1 ,1 1 %
Potential of gain within the limit of 1/ Nb. Freq (here 3.23%)

93

Can a deterministic planning reduce the interferences quantity better than the pseudo-random one of non synchronised NW ? > High variability. Complexity vs. feasibility : calculation times, despite optimizations. > Magic combinations : low collisions probabilities mostly go with high ones. > Non recoverable collisions probability : a better potential than Collisions probability. > With ad hoc, collisions probabilities are constant, and reduces complexity.
94
Detailed areas of change: Impact of interferences

Various levels of impact > Uplink : some features interaction with synchronisation
Nortel feature of interference cancellation Noise cancellation feature From V16 : Adaptative receiver feature
> Downlink : SAIC MS interactions with synchronisation

Blind vs. not blind architecture : mostly blind (sensitive to TSC) 3GPP : gain, with 1 interferer, shall be at least 8 dB. Penetration and performances
Both : Gain sensitive to nb. of interferers and TSC collisions. Downlink : Penetration, performances of SAIC mobiles to be assessed. Uplink : features (ICA, noise cancellation) already active, only the additional gain of synchronisation
95

Uplink and downlink : Sensitivity to TSC collisions
Before NW synchronisation
With NW synchronisation, different TSCs
Cumulation
With NW synchronisation, same TSCs
2 (center of) bursts : red one = main signal, interfered, blue one = interferer. Critical interferers should not be allocated the same TSC.
96

Uplink and downlink : Impact of TSC TSC collisions impact vary according to the various TSC couples (TSC1, TSC2) :
Impact of TSC in synchronised situation, without interference cancellation
97

Uplink and downlink : Impact of TSC TSC collisions impact vary according to the various TSC couples (TSC1, TSC2) :
Impact of TSC in synchronised situation, with interference cancellation
98

Uplink (and downlink ?) : sensitivity to number of interferers
I n t e r f e r e
S1 1 1 1
c e
c e
a
l la
E
t i o n
v i r o
e v e r a l
R x q u a
s y n
( b e
c h
r o
n o
e
u s
n
I n
t e r f e r e
r s
( d
y p
i c a
r b
l1
r =1
1 1 .
r c e
t )
1.
1 ( d B 1 1 -1 .1 )
I n
11 Gain . dB
t e r f e
S1 1 1 1
r e
-
n
T
c e
a n c e
U r b a n
lla
E
t io
n
n m
S
-
e v e r a
R x q u a l1
S
( b
y p ic a l
n v i r o
e n t
1. C /(n .I+ N )
1.
loss of 11dB du . to the non white noise

1 Gain dB
-1
.1 1x 1x 1x f e f e a a
L 1 C 1 C 1 C t u t u
e g o o o r e r e n n n
n s e s e s e O O F N
d c u t iv e c u t iv e c u t iv e F I n I n I n t e r f e t e r f e t e r f e r e r e r e r s r s r s C /( n .I+ N ) -1 -1 -1
no degradation of sensitivity
.1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1 1 1 1 1 L e I I I I I n n n n n t t t t t g e e e e e e r r r r r f f f f f n e e e e e d r r r r r O O e e e e e r r r r r F N s s s s F
-1
.1
-1
.1 -1 1
-1 1
-1 1
-1 1
-1 1
-1
1 n
1 . I / N
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
( d
) -1 -1 -1
f e a f e a
t u t u
r e r e
Thermal noise dominant

.1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 n 1 . I / N 1 1
Interference dominant
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( d B )
99
Higher gain when interferers are synchronized and fewer (reducing overlapping). Uplink : gain is the remaining part

Conclusions > Gain expected :
DL : SAIC mobiles (penetration, Architecture) UL : ICA/Noise cancellation features.
> Maximum gain implies :

Optimal TSC planning As less overlap between cells as possible
100
Detailed areas of change: Others

Other impacts of network synchronisation > What is the FN offset impact on SACCH transmission ? > What is the FN offset impact on BSIC reading and HO efficiency (SCH transmission) ?
And, should FN offset be modified and how ?
101

SACCH > Non synchronised NW : FN offsets between cells are random :
SACCH transmission random : ~ spread. No way to control it, anyway.
> Synchronised NW :
FN offset between 2 cells = 0 : the coincidence of the various SACCH channels, could lead to additional RLT expiries. Need to plan FN Offset to avoid, as much as possible, collisions of SACCH.
Multiples of 26 (FR) or 13 (HR) are to be avoided
102

BSIC reading : MS has a limited time (10 sec) to identify and synchronize with neighbor cells > Non synchronised NW : FN offsets between cells are random :
SCH transmission random : ~ spread. No way to control it, anyway.
> Synchronised NW :
FN offsets between 2 cells could be set for each neighbor cell to improve the efficiency of the mobiles to identify and synchronize with neighbor cells. Need to plan FN Offset to allow, as much as possible, spreading of SCH of the 6 strongest neighbors of each cell.
Planning of FN offset concerns the neighboring
103
What is expected with NW synchronisation ?

Synthesis > Quantity of interferences
Fractional reuse : Complex planning, involving many parameters. With ad hoc, collisions probabilities are constant, and reduces complexity.
> Impact of interferences

Gains according to limitation of the NW (UL, DL) Requires tight TSC planning (and abacus of gains). Reduced effects in highly overlapped areas.
> Others
FN Offset have also to be planned according to SACCH and SCH
Planning solutions will be the key to improvement. Will require background information and preparation : abacus (TSC), IM
104
What has to be done to implement NW synchronisation ?
Overview of the planning steps

General steps of planning and their schedule
Planning of SACCH color Planning of SCH color
Ad hoc
Global color
Others
Use existing Frequency plan Global color = FN
Calculation of HSNs, MA lists, MAIOs and FN Global color = mod(FN, 26*51)

(*)
TSC (BCC) plan F(IM*PbColl*Traffic, abacus) NCC plan (BSIC)
(*) For ad hoc, as PbColl=constant, TSC plan can be done in parallel with previous steps
106
SAIC capable MS management

DRIVERS /BENEFITS Capacity Increase (Erl)/MHz spectrum Voice quality / Data throughput FER/BLER reduced in DL thanks to interferer cancellation
TECHNICAL OVERVIEW New Classmark 3 information element is used to inform the BSS about the MS capability Several dB rejection on the strongest interferer in DL for DARP capable MS Specific allocation rules : One TDMA priority field for SAIC MS : high, low, forbidden Increase frequency reuse on SAIC dedicated TDMA
TERMINAL DEPENDENCIES
Maximum gain is obtained with Release 99 Terminals (1Q2005) supporting DARP capability Optional Feature : Single Antenna Interference Cancellation or Downlink Advanced Receiver Performance (GERAN R6)
HW dependencies
Capacity gain is obtained with Network Synchronization
107
SAIC capable MS management

> Capacity gain can evaluated to 50% (better downlink performance in GMSK) 1. Allocator enhancement allows defining specific TDMA pool with high priority allocation rles for SAIC capable MS allowing increasing frequency reuse according to SAIC MS penetration :
30% SAIC penetration allows for 15 % capacity gain
1. When no specific allocation rules are used, SAIC MS will require less BTS transmitted power (Itf reduction) and will use more often HR channel (BTS capacity increase). Moreover DL signalling blocks will be better received decreasing the call drop ratio.
Require high handset penetration to have capacity benefit
Site traffic gain with SAIC capable handset
11 1
11 1
Traffic in erlang
11% gain
11 1
1% 1 gain
11 1
1 1
Baseline
With net Sync
With SAIC 111 %
108
Baseline
With net Sync
With SAIC 111 %
109

Training4 Nortel Feature Evolution V15.1.1 To V17

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GSM Cookbook - Features description from

BUSINESS MADE SIMPLE

GSM Cookbook Topics (1/2)

GSM Cookbook Topics (2/2)

AMR Evolution since V15.1.1

AMR improvement V15.1.1

ideal FH (>=8) 2,5 4 6,5 12,5 1,5 10 12 17 2

BSC3000/TCU3000 with S8K/S12K/BTS18K/eCell/ S2000 L&H

Extra flexibility for AMR tuning

AMR improvement V15.1.1

AMR HR Based on Traffic V15.1.1

AMR HR Based on Traffic V15.1.1

AMR HR Based on Traffic V15.1.1

Parameter HRCellLoadStart HRCellLoadEnd filteredTrafficCoefficient

Object bts bts bts

Range Integer 0100 Integer 0100 Integer 01 step 0.001

Recommended Value 80 60 0.5

AMR signaling evolutions V16

AMR signaling robustness gap

1 1 .E- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Eb/No (dB) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

AMR signaling evolutions V16

Nortel Confidential Information

AMR signaling evolutions - V16

Nortel Confidential Information

AMR signaling evolutions - V16

AMR signaling evolutions V16

Nortel Confidential Information

AMR signaling evolutions V16

FR 6.7 and lower

Disable / FR 4.75 / FR 5.9 and lower / FR 6.7 and lower

FR 6.7 and lower

Other AMR evolutions V16

Nortel Confidential Information

Other AMR evolutions V16

Other AMR evolutions V16

PDTCH preemption for voice HR channel V17

PDTCH preemption for voice HR channel V17

PDTCH preemption for voice HR channel - V17 Benefits

Terminals & BSS HW dependencies

Nortel Confidential Information

Enhanced Measurement Report (EMR)

Enhanced Measurement Report (EMR)

Measurement Report (SACCH)

Enhanced Measurement Report (EMR)

Enhanced Measurement Report (EMR)

Enhanced Measurement Report (EMR)

Enhanced Measurement Report (EMR)

FER = number of DL bad frames / total number of DL transmitted frames

> Distribution based on same parameters as FER UL, settable at OMC-R:

> DVQI (DL voice quality indicator):

DL voice quality indicator DVQI

Nortel Confidential Information

32 UMTS neighbours additional to the 32 GSM neighbours

Rxlev > qsearchC

CPICH_Ec/No > fDDReportingThreshold2

CPICH_RSCP > fDDReportingThreshold + fDDMultiratReporting

MS reports 3G best cells

Parameter earlyClassmarkSendingUTRAN qsearchC fDDReportingThreshold2 fDDReportingThreshold

Object bts handovercontrol handovercontrol handovercontrol handovercontrol

Recommended Class Value enabled 7 28 (Ec/N0 =10) 3 (RSCP =-97) 2 3 3 3 3 3

Dual Mode MS measures:

MS sent in an Enhanced Measurement report to BTS