BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE

IMAGINE!

THE DAY IS NOT SO FAR !

It is possible through Brain Machine Interface (BMI). Connecting human mind with a computer

BUT HOW ????

Human brain consists of millions of neuron, which transmits instruction in the form of electrical impulses which operate the body function. - Connecting these impulse signal with a real world mechanical device.

HUMAN BRAIN

PRINCIPLE
-When neuron activates (fires) there is a potential difference across the cell - The signal varies in MAGNITUDE and FREQUENCY depending on from which part of the brain it has originated. - These signals can be analyzed to understand the working of the brain. - We can control the brain function by artificially producing these signals and sending them to respective parts.

ELECTROENCEPHLOGRAPHY(EEG)
-Measuring brain activity - Brain generates rhythmical potentials which originate in individual neuron. - EEG measures these potentials through electrodes . - based on the frequency , the waves are

Continuous Brain Waves

Generally grouped by frequency: (amplitudes are about 100V max)
Type Delta Theta Alpha Beta Mu Lambda Vertex Frequency <4 Hz 4-7 Hz 8-12 Hz 12-36 Hz 9-11 Hz sharp, jagged Location everywhere temporal and parietal occipital and parietal parietal and frontal frontal (motor cortex) occipital Use occur during sleep, coma correlated with emotional stress (frustration & disappointment) reduce amplitude with sensory stimulation or mental imagery can increase amplitude during intense mental activity diminishes with movement or intention of movement correlated with visual attention higher incidence in patients with epilepsy or encephalopathy

BMI APPROACHES
1.PATTERN RECOGNISATION APPROACH -The subject concentrates on a few mental tasks. -Concentration produces different EEG patterns. -The BMI can then be trained to classify these patterns. 2. OPERANT CONDITIONING APPROACH - The user learn to self-regulate his/her EEG response, for example change the beta rhythm amplitude. - The BMI itself is not trained but it looks for particular changes and stores them - This may require a long training period.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

MAJOR COMPONENTS
1.HARDWARE -The task of the hardware part is to record the brainwaves . - Includes EEG and Electrode array. 2. SOFTWARE -The software processes the data and understands subjects intentions and generate appropriate output. -The stream EEG signal broken into segments for processing

1. THE IMPLANT
- implanted array of microelectrodes into the frontal and parietal lobes areas of the brain - involved in producing multiple output commands to control complex muscle movements . - Made out of biocompatible material that the body wont reject and isolate. (Teflon Coating) - inert In nature - flexible inside the brain (Not rigid)

2. SIGNAL PROCESSIG SECTION

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3. EXTERNAL DEVICE (effectors)

- A Robotic Arm - A wheel chair - Cursor movement in Computer - BMI based gaming application - A Humanoid robot working on our mind instruction

ADVANTAGE
- Boon to able the Disabilities - Better living with more feature

-Linking people via chip implants to super intelligent

machines seems to creating in effect, super humans. -allow for computer intelligence to be hooked more directly into the brain, enabling phenomenal math capabilities and computer memory. - Evolution of Next generation Human Being

APPLICATION
1. Auditory and visual prosthesis

- Cochlear implants (Hearing) - Synthetic vision (Retinal Implants) 2. Functional-neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) - In cases where spinal cord damage or a stroke has severed the link between brain and the peripheral nervous system. 3. Prosthetic limb control - Thought controlled motorized wheel chair. - Thought controlled prosthetic arm for amputee. - Various neuroprosthetic devices.

CURRENT STATUS -Images obtained from the visual cortex of the cat to observe the cat vision.

CURRENT STATUS - A monkey Operating a robotic arm through his mind

CURRENT STATUS
- Movement of robotic palm using real time pattern obtained from MRI scanning

CURRENT STATUS
- Hondas Humanoid Robot Asimo , Responding to the of the volunteer with the accuracy of 90% .

THE VISION
- To develop an interface which can directly transfer the memory between two human being . - A system with Backup storage of Your Intelligence. - To understand the thoughts of animals that what makes them extra-ordinary from us , that they can sense the natural disaster before us - Having Robotic Military soldiers Who have Human intelligence and computers Accuracy .

ANY QUERIES ????????

THANK YOU!