SEMINAR ON VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL

PRESENTED BY: PANKAJ SHARMA

DEFINITION
Internet telephony refers to communications servicesvoice, facsimile, and/or messaging application-that are transported via the Internet, rather than the public switched telephone network (PSTN).

Overview
1. 2. 3. Ongoing but rapid evolution of internet telephony, Benefits that the user can realize, and Examination of the hurdles that must be overcome before widespread of internet telephony.

INTRODUCTION OF VOIP
HISTORYThe possibility of voice communication traveling over the internet, rather then the PSTN, first became a reality in Feb. 95 when Vocaltec Inc. introduced internet telephony.

CONFIGURATION OF VOIP1. PC-PC config. 2. PC-Phone config. 3. Phone-Phone config.

INTRANET AND INTERNET TELEPHONY

Most corporations confine their Internet Telephony application to their intranet because of the following reasons1. More predictable bandwidth, 2. Real time voice communication, 3. Support of full duplex

VOIP NETWORK ELEMENTS

VOIP services need to be able to connect to traditional circuit-switched voice networks. The ITU-T has addressed this goal by defining H.323, a set of standards for packet based multimedia networks. Basic elements of this standard network are as follows:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. H.323 terminals, Gateway Gatekeeper, Multipoint control unit (MCU), Audio codecs, and H.323 protocol stack.

H.323 TERMINALS They are LAN based end points for voice

transmission. It implements voice transmission functions and specially include at least one voice CODEC(Compressor/Decompressor) that sends and receives packetized voice.

Gateways
An H.323 gateway is an endpoint on the network which provides for real-time, two-way communications between H.323 terminals on the IP network and other ITU terminals on a switched based network, or to another H.323 gateway. They perform the function of a "translator" i.e. they perform the translation between different transmission formats, e.g. from H.225 to H.221. They are also capable of translating between audio and video codec's. The gateway is the interface between the PSTN and the Internet. They take voice from circuit switched PSTN and place it on the public Internet and vice versa. Gateways are optional in that terminals in a single LAN can communicate with each other directly. When the terminals on a network need to communicate with an endpoint in some other network, then they communicate via gateways using the H.245 and Q.931 protocols.

 Gatekeepers manage H.323 zones, logical connections of devices within an IP subnet. It provides address translation for devices. Multi-gatekeepers provide load balancing and offering director and bandwidth management.

GATEKEEPER

 MCU:
It handles the signaling and control massages and manages conferences. It accepts streams from end points, replicates them and forwards them to correct participating end points.

CODECS:
It is recognized by compressed voice rate.

It is involved in compression techniques, and reduction of bandwidth, complexity, voice quality, digitizing delay.

1. It controls messages that are carried over the reliable TCP layer. 2. RTP carries the actual media and RTCP includes periodic status and control messages.

FACTORS AFFECTING VOICE QUALITY

CHOICE OF CODEC
1. 2. 3. 4.

LATENCY

BACKBONE LATENCY CODEC LATENCY JITTER BUFFER DEPTH MEASURING LATENCY

1. 2.

JITTER

PACKET JITTER MEASURING JITTER

PACKET LOSS

LATENCY

JITTER

Jitter controls the regularity in which voice packets arrive. The jitter buffer also fix out of order errors by looking at the sequence number in the RTP frame.

OTHER PERFORMANCE ISSUES IN VOIP NETWORKS

Call setup time Call success ratio Call setup rate

CONCLUSION

Cost saving relative to PSTN Proper standards should be used for best use and benefits. Internet telephony within an intranet enables users to save on long distance bills. Technical barriers. Future of VOIP. Its a billion dollar project in three years to come. VOFR and VOIP.

REFERENCES
www.protocal.com www.iec.org www.radcom.com www.itu-t.com www.radcom-inc.com

QUERIES