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Ramesh Babu
Nokia Networks
3G&IP Network Planning - APAC
AGENDA
3G Network Architecture
Other PLMN BG
Backbone
Internet GGSN
Node B
Iur Iu
Charging Center
SMSC HLR
CG NMS
Iu
Service & subscriber management Packet network PSTN MSC/VLR CS Domain GMSC
3G Interfaces in RAN
3G MSC and/or 3G SGSN RAN RNC Iub BS BS BS 3G MSC and/or 3G SGSN Iu Iur RNC Iub Iur
Iur
Iur
Iu
Iu RNC Iub
Iu
RNC Iub BS BS BS
BS BS BS
BS BS BS
Uu
User Equipment (UE)
ATM is used as a transport solution in Radio Access Network (3GPP Rel.99) ATM is standardised as transport bearer in Iub, Iur and Iu ATM can be over PDH or SDH links
Different Type of Traffic Usage Real-time traffic (Voice and Circuit Switched Data) Non real-time traffic (All kind of packet data) Number of active PDP contexts per subscriber
Simultaneous Data Subscribers during busy hour
Equipment Location
Iub_CS
Total_Iub
Iub_PS
Iu_CS
Iur
INPUTS
Traffic
Iu_PS
Hypothesis/Assumptions
Interfaces 3G PP Standards
I u-cs
Iub
O&M on AAL5
Nokia RNC
Nokia 3G SGSN
I u-ps
RT7.95 (AMR) UL
RT7.95 (AMR) DL
RT14.4 RT28.8 RT32 RT33.6 RT56.7 RT64 NRT64 NRT128 NRT256 NRT256 NRT384
23% 34%
28%
((18.9 x 50%) + (4.5 x 50%)) ((12.2 x 50%) + (0 x 50%)) -------------------------------------------------------------------------((12.2 x 50%) + (0 x 50%))
= 92 %
Iub Dimensioning
BS RNC BS Iub RNC Iur BS Iub
Iub
Iub is the interface between Base Station and Radio Network Controller Iub Traffic is the total of both Circuit Switched (Voice & data) and Packet Switched data
@ BH
* Method :
Traffic ( Erl) / BS
Using Erlang B Table
# TCh / BS
Activity Factor SHO factor 50% 40%
# TCh (voice) / BS
AMR rate 12.2 kbit/s
* Output :
@ BH
* Method :
Traffic ( Erl) / BS
# TCh / BS
Activity Factor SHO factor 100% 40%
# TCh (CS_data) / BS
Line rate 64 kbps
* Output :
@ BH
* Method :
* Output :
12.2 Kbps
DTX - 50%
14.77 Kbps
Circuit Switched Traffic (CS Voice and CS Data) = X Physical Channels required
Iur Dimensioning
RNC
RNC
Iur
Iur interface is the traffic between two different RNCs. Eg for Soft Handover
Soft Handover
S S D S D S
Base Station
Serving RNC
Drifting RNC
Soft Handover
Soft Handover is assumed to be 40 %
Assumption 35% of the Mobiles are connected to two or more Base Stations at the same time. 30% of the Mobiles are in two way SHOs 5% of the Mobiles are in three way SHOs Consequently on average every Call occupies
Iur Dimensioning
MSC SGSN MSC
Iu RNC Iub BS BS BS
Iu
Iur
RNC
BS BS BS
Iur traffic mainly depends on the pattern of RNC to RNC handover traffic Parameters involved - Velocity of the Mobile, RNC area etc. Each RNC will be connected to the adjacent RNC directly. One RNC could be connected to many different RNCs. Studies inside Nokia shows that Iur is about 7 8 % of Iub (user plane traffic). For dimensioning Nokia adopts 7.5 %.
RNC5
RNC4
RNC3
RNC1
RNC5
RNC2
RNC Region 2 RNC Region 1
SINGAPORE
Iu interface
RNC
Iu interface is split in to two parts > Between RNC and MGW for Circuit Switched Traffic - Payload carried over AAL2 > Between RNC and SGSN for Packet Switched Traffic - Payload carried over AAL5
Iub
Iu
IWU RNC
RLC-U law PCM, UDI, Iu-CS UP etc. AAL2 ATM PHY Link Layer PHY E.g., Vocoder
MSC
law PCM, UDI, etc. Link Layer PHY PHY
Node B
FP
WCDMA L1
PSTN/ N-ISDN
Uu
Iub RNC
PDCP RLC-U GTP-U UDP IP
LLC/SNAP
Iu 3GSGSN GTP-U
UDP IP
LLC/SNAP
Gn
GGSN
E.g., IPv4, IPv6
Gi
Node B
FP
WCDMA L1
WCDMA L1
* Input :
@ BH
* Method :
ErlangB (GOS0.5% ) # TCh/ RNC area Line rate (12,2; 64 k; ) Activity Factor for voice: 50% ATM OH (as in ) Iub Signalling overhead1% +
* Output :
@ BH
* Method :
Bit rate (kbps) / clutter ATM, AAL5, IP, UDP, GTP OH + 25% Signalling overhead1% +
* Output :
1. Packet length = 128 Bytes 2. AAL5 PDU = (128 + 8 Encap+20 IP+ 8 UDP+ 12 GTP ) = 176 bytes
128 bytes
20 bytes IP Header 12 bytes GTP
176 bytes
184 bytes
48
48
48
40
184 bytes
8 bytes Padding
48 bytes
48 bytes
48 bytes
48 bytes
48 bytes
48 bytes
48 bytes
48 bytes
192 bytes
212 bytes
212 bytes
Increase from Original 128 bytes to 212 bytes Percentage of Increase (212 128 / 128) * 100
Iu Throughput Calculation
Circuit Switched Traffic to MSC Voice AMR Data Rate - 12.2 Kbps Packet Switched Traffic to SGSN Data Bearer 128 Kbps
X Kbps
12.2 Kbps
Signalling OH in MSC - 1%
23.78 Kbps
Signalling OH in SGSN - 1%
X Kbps
DTX - 50%
11.89 Kbps
3G Network Architecture
Other PLMN
BG
Backbone
Internet GGSN
Node B
Iur Iu
Charging Center
SMSC HLR
CG NMS
Iu
Service & subscriber management Packet network PSTN MSC/VLR CS Domain GMSC
RNC Role
Mobility Management Connection and Radio link Management Ciphering and Integrity Checking ATM and IP traffic management
2
Release1 Phase 1
3
Config.
Max. capacity in different configurations Iub traffic capacity Interfaces Iub Mbit/s Node Bs Carriers 26 256 85 52 384 128 78 512 170 104 640 213 130 768 256 STM-1 4 4 4 4 4 E1 64 96 128 160 192
1 2 3 4 5
2
Release 1 Phase 1.5
3 4
1 2 3 4 5
Config.
Max. capacity in different configurations Iub traffic capacity Interfaces Iub Mbit/s Node Bs Carriers 384 48 128 576 85 192 768 122 256 960 159 320 1152 196 384 STM-1 4*4 4*4 4*4 4*4 4*4 E1 6*16 8*16 10*16 12*16 14*16
MSC
ATM Module
RNC Dimensioning
Key limiting factors in RNC Dimensioning
Maximum Throughput - Rel 1 130 Mbit/s - Rel 2 196 Mbit/s - Rel 3 400 Mbit/s
RNC Dimensioning
Dimensioning Crietria
Total throughput against the maximum throughput capacity of RNC Total Carriers against the maximum carrier capacity of RNC
Common Issues
RNC throughput capacity expressed only in one direction and also represents only the Capacity of DMCU. O & M signalling is handled separately in OMU. Nokia RNC could support 196 Mbps on UL and also 196 Mbps on DL.
Other Vendors mention the RNC throughput as 392 Mbps (UL + DL)
Upgrade Path
196 Mbps
400 Mbps
No Upgrade path and cost defined yet. 400 Mbps RNC is provided as new boxes for the additional traffic for Later phases.
Even lower bitrates requires as much processing capacity (user and control plane) Within RNC as a 16kbps channels.
MSC
RNC linked directly for Iur connection Iur Traffic is carried through Iu over to core and then to RNC
Star Configuration
1 X STM1
1 X STM1
AXC
1 X STM1
50 X 0.33 E1
AXC AXC
80 X 0.44 E1
= 192
RNC
ATM Overhead is considered only on the Transmission The ATM OH is stripped off at the NIU of RNC Hence traffic to RNC will not include ATM overhead.
Dimensioning Exercise
Case Study
Case Study
..
.
SU U
.
U SU
. DU . . . . . . . .
SINGAPORE Singapore classified in to four different regions Dense Urban Urban Suburban Rural
Services to be offered
Circuit Switched Voice CS Data CS Data Packet Switched PS Data PS Data PS Data PS Data 12.2 kbps 14.4 kbps 64 kbps 16 kbps 64 kbps 128 kbps 384 kbps
CS
CS
Iub Calculation
CS Voice Traffic
Dense Urban Subs and BTS Sites BTS Configuration Number of Sites Total Number of Sites CS Voice No of Subs Total Subs / BS Total Erl / BS Phy CH Req. SHO Bit Rate (Kbps) DTX Bit Rate (Kbps)+ATM O_H Phase 1 Urban Suburban Rural
Voice Traffic of 27mErl Erlang B Using multiplied by the with Table SHO Addingsubs. Blocking factor of 40% Multiplied by probability rate AMR data into of Taking of 2% 12.2 kbps account only 67% ADD ATM OH for ofVoice 73% to traffic due DTX.
Iub Calculation
CS Data Traffic
Dense Urban CS Data @ 14.4 kbps Simultaneous Subscribers Subscribers per BS Total Erl / BS Phy CH Req SHO Bit Rate (Kbps) Bit Rate (Kbps)+ATM O_H 7119 49.10 0.20 2 2.80 40.32 49.59 Phase 1 Urban Suburban 13959 46.22 0.18 2 2.80 40.32 49.59 677 5.17 0.02 2 2.80 40.32 49.59 Rural 3046 30.46 0.12 2 2.80 40.32 49.59
CS Data of 4mErl multiplied by the Using Erlang B subs. Table SHO Adding with Blocking factor of 40% Multiplied by data probabilityOH2% rate ATM kbps ADD of 144of for CS Data 25%
Iub Calculation
PS Data Traffic (16 kbps)
PS Data 16 Kbps Simultaneous Subscribers Subscribers per BTS site Data Rate Kbps L1 Data Rate Kbps SHO Bit Rate (Kbps) + O_H
PS 16 kbps data traffic. Max of UL 26.5% OH for or DL retransmission & Adding SHO buffering factor of 40% ADD ATM OH for PS Data 16 kbps 58%
210.05
150.07
110.08
150.07
Iub Calculation
PS Data Traffic (64 kbps)
PS Data 64 kbps Simultaneous Subscribers Subscribers per BTS site Data Rate Kbps L1 Data Rate Kbps SHO Bit Rate (Kbps) + O_H 17477 120.53 20.26 27.01 37.82 50.30 15421 51.06 19.07 25.43 35.60 47.35 1495 11.41 2.13 2.84 3.98 5.29 5607 56.07 12.57 16.75 23.46 31.20
PS 64 kbps data traffic. Max of UL 33% OH for or DL retransmission & Adding SHO buffering factor of 40% ADD ATM OH for PS Data 64 kbps 33%
210.05 62.56
150.07 58.90
110.08 6.58
150.07 38.81
Iub Calculation
PS Data Traffic (128 kbps)
PS 128 kbps data traffic. Max of UL 33% OH for or DL retransmission & Adding SHO buffering factor of 40% ADD ATM OH for PS Data 64 kbps 30%
PS Data 128 kbps Simultaneous Subscribers Subscribers per BTS site Data Rate Kbps L1 Data Rate Kbps SHO Bit Rate (Kbps) + O_H
Iub Calculation
Total CS Traffic + Sig.OH Total PS Data 16 kbps Total PS Data 64 kbps Total PS Data 128 kbps Total Traffic Per BS kbps 210.05 62.56 50.30 180.90 503.82 150.07 58.90 47.35 170.32 426.63 110.08 6.58 5.29 19.03 140.98 150.07 38.81 31.20 112.22 332.29
Total CS + PS
0.55 Mbps
RNC
0.47 Mbps
DU
SU
Rural
Iu Calculation
Iu CS Voice
Total Voice Traffic irrespective of No Using Erlang B of Table with BS as in Iub Multiplied by Blocking rate of AMR data OH of ADD ATMprob for 0.5% 12.2 73% Voicekbps
CS Voice No of Subscribers Total V_Erl (Erl) CSV_CH Total Voice in kbps Total traffic + O_H Mbps
Iu Calculation
Iu CS Data
CS Data @ 14.4 Kbps Subscribers Total V_Erl (Erl) CSD_CH Total CS Data in kbps Total CS Data + O_H Mbps
Total CS Data Traffic Using Erlang B irrespective of No Table with Multiplied by of BS as rate of Blocking OH of AMR data in Iub ADD ATMprob for 0.5% 12.2 23% Voicekbps
Total Iu CS Traffic
Total Iu CS Voice Total Iu CS Data RNC ---> MSC Mbps 10.72 0.74 8.01 9.52 1.29 7.75 1.18 0.14 0.94 3.71 0.39 2.91
Iu Calculation
Iu PS Data
Iu PS Traffic RNC to SGSN Traffic PD Traffic + O_H Mbps Traffic to SGSN + Sig OH
Total PS Data of allAdd IP/ATM services. Max of OH based Traffic UL/DL Add 1% on Packet size Signalling OH in SGSN
Iu CS 19.61 Mbps
MGW
RNC
Iu PS 43.61 Mbps
SGSN
RNC Dimensioning
Projected Time Schedule
RNC Dimensioning
Area Total BS Total Iub traffic BS Type #Sites (BS) per site to RNC (Mbps) Mbps Total RNC Traffic (Mbps) Total Carriers
# RNC #RNC Limited Limited by Required # of RNC Processing NodeB Note: Total Traffic ROC BS Capacity Full 2.21
1.89
1.38
2.21
145 302 131 100 678 215 604 221 195 1235 215 900 429 310 1854
4.02
5.72
4.02
5.72
10
16
1 1
5 5 4 4
3 2 2
5 4 3 4 3 2
1 4 3
PhasePhase 3 Config 1 Configuration Phase 2 Configuration
X 5 5 X
2 X 10 - 400 Mbps