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CONTENTS
Introduction Features of Plasma antenna Working Comparison between Plasma antenna and Traditional antenna Advantages Disadvantages Applications Conclusion References
What is Plasma ?
By supplying energy the states of matter changes: from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas. If further energy is added to a gas it becomes ionized and passes over into the Plasma state a fourth state of matter. Plasma is a gas in which a certain portion of the particles are ionized. The presence of a non-negligible number of charge carriers makes the plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Plasma the fourth aggregate state of matter was identified by an English physicist Sir William Crooks in 1879.
Contd
Plasma has properties quite unlike those of solids, liquids, or gases and is considered be a distinct state of matter.
Molecule
Free electron
When they are deenergized they revert to non conducting element and do not reflect radio probing signals. Plasma antenna can be streed electronically.
Plasma can only exist while the gas is kept very hot; as soon as the heat source is shut off, the plasma antenna returns to its previous state, in which cold gas is non conductive, but the signal emitted or received by the antenna disappears only when the plasma cools down.
This is a fundamental change from traditional antenna design that generally employs solid metal wires as the conducting element.
Ionized gas is an efficient conducting element with a number of important advantages. Since the gas is ionized only for the time of transmission or reception, ringing and associated effects of solid wire antenna design are eliminated. This technology has advanced to provide unique antenna designs for applications ranging from general broadcast of radio frequency signals for public use to complex weapon systems.
One important feature of Plasma antenna is that the gas ionizing process can manipulate resistance.
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Changes in the ion density can result in instantaneous changes in bandwidth over wide dynamic range.
Plasma Antenna are reconfigurable for frequency, bandwidth, gain, length of plasma column, radius of glass tube.
Plasma Antenna can transmit and receive from same aperture provided the frequencies are widely separated.
plasma to form a plasma mirror which deflects an RF beam launched from a central feed located at the focus of the mirror. in silicon using electronically controlled devices (plasma diodes) that are positioned between closely spaced metalized surfaces which constrain the beam.
plasma diodes on and off that follow the desired geometry of the reflector.
overlapping reflectors only one of which is active (i.e. reflecting) at any one time. This enables the beam to be steered quickly without the need for mechanical motion.
a cylindrical lens, to form a lens or reflector system that enables the RF energy to be collimated. Working of Plasma antenna is shown in the figure:
How Plasma Antenna different from Traditional Antenna? Plasma Antenna Traditional Antenna
1. Electronic movement is made even more easily inside the plasma antenna, because of electrons are in a free state inside the hot gas. 1. Solid metal antenna can function because electrons move freely in the metal conductor.
2. Conventional metal antennas can pick up various noises, or interference that bounce of the surrounding metal objects.
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3. Plasma antenna are efficient, low in weight and smaller in size. 4. Plasma antenna can be switched on and off easily. 3. Traditional antenna are less efficient, more in weight and larger in size. 4. Traditional antenna cant be easily switched on and off.
Plasma volumes must be stable and repeatable. Ionizer adds weight and volume. Ionizer increases power consumption. Higher ionization energy than for a tube.
Antennas constructed of metal can be big and bulky, and are normally fixed in place. The fact that metal structures cannot be easily moved when not in use limits some aspects of antenna array design. The plasma antenna is constructed using a hollow glass column which is filled with plasma. This can be ionized by the application of a strong RF field at the base of the column. Once energized, the plasma column can be made to exhibit many of the same characteristics of a metal whip antenna . There are many potential advantages of plasma antenna.
Conclusion
To date, the research has produced many novel antennas using standard fluorescent tubes and these have been characterized and compare favourably with their metal equivalents.
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