Introduction

White spot syndrome Caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) Lethal and contagious disease of Penaeid shrimps First reported in Taiwan; 1992 Outbreaks led to collapse of shrimp aquaculture industry Disease found in the Philippines in 2000 (Magbanua, 2000)

Prevention
Broodstock genetic selection
Water treatment Vaccination

Clean, wild and genetically diverse brood stock

Disinfectants Application of yeast and Chlorella in treating the water

Methods
Treatments Tank with Chlorella culture Tank with greenwater culture stocked with tilapia Tank added with molasses Tank with seawater

Results

Results

Results

Results

Results

Results

Summary
Tanks with greenwater has the least WSS infection
Howevere tanks with greenwater has the least survival;

attributed to ammonia build-up caused by the tilapia Greenwater with molasses is recommended for prevention of white spot syndrome. Molasses could reduce NH3 in the water.

Methods
Oral vaccination through feeding of vaccine-coated

pellets Treatments
V19 coated food pellets V28 coated food pellets pET28a coated food pellet Possitive control

Negative control

Time-mortality relationship of vaccination experiment 1. Cumulative mortality rates of shrimp from the experimental groups vaccinated with VP19 (), VP28 (), VP19 plus VP28 (*), pET plus pMAL (), positive control (), and negative control () as indicated in Table Table11 are plotted against the time after challenge. Lines marked with an asterisk are significantly different from the pET plus pMAL and positive control groups.

Time-mortality relationship of vaccination experiment 2. Shrimp were challenged 3 days (a), 7 days (b), and 21 days (c) after cessation of feeding coated food pellets. Cumulative mortality rates of shrimp from the experimental groups vaccinated with VP28 (), pET (), positive control (), and negative control () as indicated in Table Table11 are plotted against the time after challenge. Lines marked with an asterisk are significantly different from the pET and positive control groups.

Methods
Yeast (C. awuaetestoris) culture are introduce at three

different intervals
G1 (Daily treatment) G3 (Every three days) G5 (Every 5 days) G7 (Every 7 days) G10 (Every 10 days)

C (Control)

After 30 days, WSSV is introduced and the yeast

treatment were withdrawn/stopped.

Fig. 1. Mean (SD) post challenge survival in P. monodon post larvae when fed with 10% marine yeast C. aquaetextoris S527 at different frequencies and challenged with WSSV. *Data at the same exposure time with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05). G1 = Daily, G3 = three days interval, G5 = five days interval, G7 = seven days interval, G10 = ten days interval.

Summary
Results showed that shrimp treated with yeast culture

every 7 days have the highest post challenge survival. Yeast (Candida aquetextoris)culture has the potential to become a immunostimulant and improve immune response of Penaeus monodon against WSSV

Summary and Conclusion

Introduction of greenwater and yeast (C. aquatextoris)

into the tiger prawn (P. monodon) tanks/cages could increase their survival in a white spot syndrome outbreak. Vaccination with viral proteins (specifically VP28) could improve immunity of P. monodon WSSV while introduction of pET28a increases mortality.

References
Witteveldt, Cifuentes, Vlak & van Hulten. 2004. Protection of Penaeus monodon against White Spot Syndrome Virus by Oral Vaccination. J. Virol. February 2004 vol. 78 no. 4 2057-2061 Babu, Antony, Joseph, Bright & Philip. 2013. Marine yeast Candida aquaetextoris S527 as a potential immunostimulantin black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 112 (2013) 243252 Tendencia, Bosma, & Sorio. 2012. Effect of three innovative culture systems on water quality and whitespot syndrome virus (WSSV) viral load in WSSV-fed Penaeus monodon cultured in indoor tanks. Aquaculture 350-353 (2012) 169174 McClennen. 2004. White spot syndrome virus: the economic, environmental and technical implications on the development of latin american shrimp farming. Retrieved from dl.tufts.edu/file_assets/tufts:UA015.012.DO.00040