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Project Management

Adina Militaru

What is Project Management?

Software project management is the collection of techniques used to develop computer systems and deliver various types of software products. This developing discipline traditionally includes technical issues such as:
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the choice of software development model, how to estimate project size and schedule, how to insure safety, what resources to reuse and which programming environment to use for the development.

The discipline also includes management issues such as: - when to train personal, - what are the risks to the project success, - and how to keep the project on schedule.

These choices are then embodied in a software project management plan.


None of the traditional software project management materials address the ethical issues that arise because of the choices made during software development.

Effective

software project management is a vital ingredient in achieving a successful outcome. The objectives for the project need to be agreed at the outset. In deciding the objectives their implications need to be considered, in terms of the actual outputs and the impact these outputs will have. There is also a need to consider the impact of the development process itself.

The project team

The project team should be well briefed on these issues and have the opportunity to debate them fully to establish its own conclusions. The team should consider all the implications of the plan, including ethical ones. It may need to call on additional resources from inside and outside the organisation. If the team members are unprepared, they will lack direction and perform poorly.

Eight Ethical Principles


Honour

- Is the action considered beyond reproach? Honesty - Will the action violate any explicit or implicit agreement or trust? Bias - Are there any external considerations that may bias the action to be taken? Professional adequacy - Is the action within the limits of capability?

Due

care - Is the action to be exposed to the best possible quality assurance standards? Fairness - Are all stakeholder's views considered with regard to the action? Consideration of social cost - Is the appropriate accountability and responsibility accepted with respect to this action? Effective and efficient action Is the action suitable, given the objectives set, and is it to be completed using the least expenditure of resources?

The Ten Steps of Structured Project Management

Step Description 1. Visualise what the goal is 2. Make a list of the jobs that need to be done 3. Ensure there is one leader 4. Assign people to jobs 5. Manage expectations, allow a margin of error and have a fallback position 6. Use an appropriate leadership style 7. Know what is going on 8. Tell people what is going on 9. Repeat Step 1 through 8 until Step 10 can be achieved 10. Realise the project goal

Conclusion

Just as producing software of high quality should be second nature to the software engineer so should producing software that is ethically sensitive. The project management process for software development must accommodate an ethical perspective. The major criticism of current practice is that any ethical consideration tends to be implicit rather than explicit which has a tendency to devalue the importance of the ethical dimension. By using ethical principles, identifying of ethical hotspots and using SoDIS it is possible to ensure that the key ethical issues are properly addressed as an integral part of the software development process. Quite simply, project management should be guided by a sense of justice, a sense of equal distributions of benefits and burdens and a sense of equal opportunity. In this way software development project management will become ethically aligned.

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