2.

1 Recognising Quadratic Equations

2.2 The ROOTs of a Quadratic Equation (Q.E)

2.3 To Solve Quadratic Equations ax 2  bx  c  0

2.4 To Form Quadratic Equations From Given Roots

2.5 Relationship between b 2  4ac and the roots of Q.E

2.1 Recognising Quadratic Equations

Students will be taught to

1. Understand the concept quadratic equations and its roots.

Students will be able to:

1.1 Recognise quadratic equation and express it in

general form
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

(i) The general form of a quadratic equation is ax 2  bx  c  0 ; a, b, c

are constants and a ≠ 0.

(ii) Characteristics of a quadratic equation:

(a) Involves only ONE variable,

(b) Has an equal sign “ = ” and can be expressed in the form ,

ax 2  bx  c  0

(c) The highest power of the variable is 2.

2.1 Recognising Quadratic Equations

Exercise
Module Q.E page1
2.3 To Solve Quadratic Equations

Students will be taught to

2. Understand the concept of quadratic equations.

Students will be able to:

2.1 Determine the roots of a quadratic equation by
( a ) Factorisation

( b ) completing the square

( c ) using the formula

Method 1 By Factorisation

This method can only be used if the quadratic expression can be factorised
completely.

Solve the quadratic equation x 2  5 x  6  0

Answer :
x2  5x  6  0
 x  2   x  3  0
x  2  0 or x  3  0
x  2 or x  3
Method 2 Formula x  b  b 2  4 ac
2a

Solve the quadratic equation 2 x 2  8 x  7  0 by formula.Give your

answer correct to 4 significant figures

Answer :

b  b  4ac2  (8)  (8) 2  4(2)(7)

x
x 2(2)
2a

a=2 , b =-8, c=7 8 8

x
4
x = 2.707 atau 1.293
Method 3 By Completing The Square

- To express ax  bx  c  0 in the form of a  x  p   q

2 2

Simple Case : When a = 1

Solve x  4 x  5  0 by method of completing square

2

 x  2  9  0
2
x  4x  5  0
2

 x  2  9
2
2 2
 4  4
x2  4x      5  0
 2  2  x  2  9
x  4x   2   2  5  0
2 2 2 x  2  3
x  3 2 x  3  2
 x  2
2
45  0 x  5
x 1
Method 3 By Completing The Square

- To express ax  bx  c  0 in the form of a  x  p   q

2 2

[a = 1, but involving fractions when completing the square]

Solve x  3 x  2  0 by method of completing square

2

17
 x  2
2
 0
x 2  3x  2  0 4
17
 x  2
2
2 2 
 3  3 4
x  3x        2  0
2

 2  2 x2 
17
2 4
 3  9 17
 x    2  0

x 
17
2
x  2
 2  4 4
4

x = 3.562 or x = - 0.5616
Method 3 By Completing Square

- To express ax  bx  c  0 in the form of a  x  p   q

2 2

If a ≠ 1 : Divide both sides by a first before you proceed with the process of
‘completing the square’.

Solve 2 x  8 x  7  0 by method of completing square

2

7
2 x2  8x  7  0  x  2
2
4 0
2
2 x2 8x 7 0 2 first  1
 x  2
2
    0
2 2 2 2 2
7 1
x2  4x   0  x  2 
2 2
2 2
 4  4 7
x  4x         0
2
2.707 or 1.293
 2  2 2
1. Solve quadratic equation x 2  4 x  5  0
by factorisation.

2. Solve quadratic equation 2 x( x  1)  6

by method of completing the square

3. By using formula,solve quadratic equation

( x  1) 2  1

Module Q.E page 4

2.4 To Form Quadratic Equations from Given Roots

Students will be taught to

2. Understand the concept of quadratic equations.

Students will be able to:

2.2 Form a quadratic equation from given roots.
 2.4 To Form Quadratic Equations from Given
Roots
If the roots of a quadratic equation are α and β,
That is, x = α , x = β ; Then x – α = 0 or x – β = 0 ,
(x – α) ( x – β ) = 0

The quadratic equation is

x 2  (   ) x    0

x 2  Sum of roots x product of roots 0

x 2  ( sum of roots ) x  (Pr oduct of roots )  0

Find the quadratic equation with roots 2 dan- 4.

x=2,x=-4 x 2  (   ) x    0
SOR  2  (4)  2 x 2  (2) x  8  0
POR  (2)(4)  8 x2  2 x  8  0
2.4 To Form Quadratic Equations from Given
Roots
Given that the roots of the quadratic equation 2 x 2  ( p  1) x  q  2  0
are -3 and ½ . Find the value of p and q.

1 5 3
x  3, x  x  x 0
2
2 2 2
1 5
SOR  3 
2

2
2 x  5x  3  0
2

1 3 Compare
POR  ( 3)( ) 
2 2 2 x  5 x  3  0 and
2
2 x 2
 ( p  1) x  q  2  0

x 2  (   ) x    0 p 1  5 q2 3
5 3 p4 q5
x  ( )x   0
2

2 2
L1. Find the quadratic equation with roots -3
dan 5.
L2. Find the quadratic equation with roots 2
dan- 4.

Module page 9
2.5.1 Relationship between b 2  4ac and the roots of Q.E

Students will be taught to

3. Understand and use the condition for quadratic equations to have

( a ) two different roots

( b ) two equal roots

( c ) no roots

Students will be able to:

3.1 Determine types of roots of quadratic equation

from the value of .b  4ac
2
2.5 The Quadratic Equation ax 2  bx  c  0

2.5.1 Relationship between b 2  4ac and the roots of Q.E

Case 1
b 2  4ac  0
Q.E. has two distinct/different /real roots.
The Graph y = f(x) cuts the x-axis at TWO distinct points.
2.5 The Quadratic Equation ax 2  bx  c  0

2.5.1 Relationship between b 2  4ac and the roots of Q.E

Case 2
b 2  4ac  0
Q.E. has real and equal roots.
The graph y = f(x) touches the x-axis [ The x-axis is the tangent to the curve]
2.5 The Quadratic Equation ax 2  bx  c  0

2.5.1 Relationship between b 2  4ac and the roots of Q.E

Case 1
b 2  4ac  0
Q.E. does not have real roots.
Graph y = f(x) does not touch x-axis.

Graph is below the x-axis since

Graph is above the x-axis since f(x) is always negative.
f(x) is always positive.
The roots of quadratic equation 2 x  px  q  0
2
are -6 and 3

Find
(a) p and q,
(b) range of values of k such that 2x  px  q  k does not
2

have real roots.

( a) x = -6 and x=3 2 x 2  6 x  36  k
( x+6 )( x-3 )=0 2 x 2  6 x  36  k  0
x 2  3 x  18  0 a=2 b= 6 c=-36-k
2x 2  6 x  36  0
does not have real roots.
Comparing
b 2  4ac  0
2x 2  px  q  k 62  4(2)(36  k )  0
q = -36
324  k 8  0
P=6
k  40.5
1. Find the range of k if the quadratic equation 2x 2
xk
has real and distinct roots.

2. Find the range of p if the quadratic equation

2 x 2  4 x  p  0 has real roots.

Module page 9