GPS Based Vehicle Tracking And Navigation System

By Gautam H Deepak Kr Aggarwal

Global Positioning System By US Department of Defense ( DOD )

Constellation of 24 Satellites moving in 6 orbits at an altitude of 12000 miles

Total Cost $ 12 billion Orbit Time 12 hours Minimum 5 satellites visible from any point at a given Time Very high Positional Accuracy 10 m. to few mm.

Constellation of 24 GPS Satellites

 Space segment: Satellites orbiting the earth Control Segment: Control and monitoring stations monitored by US DoD User Segment: GPS signal receivers owned by military and civil uses
FIX FOM 1 N 42* 01 46.12 W 091* 38 54.36 EL + 00862 ft
1 ON 2

Three GPS Segments

3 menu
6

7 W PT CLR MARK

8 POS 0 OFF

9 NAV NUM LOCK

ZEROIZE

Rockwell

Three segments
Space Segment

User Segment Control Segment

WORKING OF GPS
Instrument High Tech Principle Simple
C

R1

R2

Simple Triangulation in Two Dimensions

Two measurements put us somewhere at the periphery of this circle

S1

R2 S2

R1

Three measurements put us at one of the two points

R3

S3

Triangulation in Three Dimensions

Block diagram
Display PC
RS232

Microcontroller AT89c51

Potential Divider
Direction Sensor (Starting)

Temperature Sensor

Advantages
Precise positional details are obtained Various parameters such as engine temperature, speed is also displayed Full duplex transmission Measurements of longer distances can also be made Software program is highly user friendly and does not require a skilled person to operate it. No complex wiring used

Limitations

Maintenance costs are high and expensive to fabricate Speed can be only monitored in levels Accuracy of up to 3 meters

Applications This project can be incorporated in various areas as there are many applications which require accurate position details of moving vehicles: It can be used in transport industries to track the exact position of vehicle (train or bus) in motion. It can be implemented on military robots for surveillance purposes. It can also be used as path navigators for vehicles. Localized tracking can be used for long range measurements.

Conclusion
This system helps to find exact location of moving vehicle and allows monitoring of different parameters like speed, engine temperature etc on the computer. Since the communication is of IR technology, high security can be provided. It also enables path programming and validation on the vehicle which helps in obstacle avoidance and simplified tracking. Thus we would like to conclude by saying that this project can be implemented in industrial applications for tracking purposes.

Future Enhancements
As like other students, different factors such as limitations of knowledge, scarcity of material and intellectual resources were the hindrances faced during our quest.. Further research and development can not only remove the inherent limitations of the project but also raise its academic value and commercial interests.The range of operation of this project is 10-15mts. This range can be extended to required values by obtaining clearances from government as a result of which it can be extensively employed.

 Also other sensors like flame sensors, smoke detectors can be included in circuit to increase the safety and help in monitoring other parameters.

Thank You