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  • Introduction To TCP - IP

    Hochgeladen von

    Shriramkumar Singh
    81 Ansichten16 Seiten
    The document provides an overview of TCP/IP networking concepts including: 1) It describes the OSI and TCP/IP protocol stacks and how data is encapsulated as it passes through each layer with headers added. 2) It explains common network protocols like Ethernet, ARP, IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP, and HTTP - covering what each protocol is used for and examples of packet formats. 3) It provides a state diagram of how TCP connections are established and closed, and how reliable data transfer is achieved through mechanisms like acknowledgments and retransmissions.

    Originalbeschreibung:

    TCP_ip

    Originaltitel

    Introduction to TCP_IP

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    The document provides an overview of TCP/IP networking concepts including: 1) It describes the OSI and TCP/IP protocol stacks and how data is encapsulated as it passes through each layer with headers added. 2) It explains common network protocols like Ethernet, ARP, IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP, and HTTP - covering what each protocol is used for and examples of packet formats. 3) It provides a state diagram of how TCP connections are established and closed, and how reliable data transfer is achieved through mechanisms like acknowledgments and retransmissions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Als PPT, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    81 Ansichten16 Seiten

    Introduction To TCP - IP

    Hochgeladen von

    Shriramkumar Singh
    The document provides an overview of TCP/IP networking concepts including: 1) It describes the OSI and TCP/IP protocol stacks and how data is encapsulated as it passes through each layer with headers added. 2) It explains common network protocols like Ethernet, ARP, IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP, and HTTP - covering what each protocol is used for and examples of packet formats. 3) It provides a state diagram of how TCP connections are established and closed, and how reliable data transfer is achieved through mechanisms like acknowledgments and retransmissions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Als PPT, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 16

    1

    Introduction to TCP/IP

    OSI and Protocol Stack


    OSI Model
    7th Application Layer 6th Presentation Layer Application Layer

    OSI: Open Systems Interconnect

    TCP/IP Hierarchy

    Protocols

    5th Session Layer 4th Transport Layer


    3rd Network Layer 2nd Link Layer 1st Physical Layer Link Layer Transport Layer Network Layer

    Link Layer : includes device driver and network interface card Network Layer : handles the movement of packets, i.e. Routing Transport Layer : provides a reliable flow of data between two hosts Application Layer : handles the details of the particular application

    Packet Encapsulation
    The data is sent down the protocol stack Each layer adds to the data by prepending headers

    22Bytes 20Bytes 20Bytes

    4Bytes

    64 to 1500 Bytes

    Ethernet
    Computer <-> Computer communication on same network Each device has unique MAC address (48-bit) example: 00-C0-4F-48-47-93 Ethernet Packet:
    Preamble
    Dest. address
    6bytes

    Source address
    6bytes

    Type

    Data

    CRC

    8bytes

    2bytes

    64 - 1500bytes

    4bytes

    MAC: Media Access Control

    ARP : Address Resolution Protocol


    ARP provides mapping
    32bit IP address <-> 48bit MAC address 128.97.89.153 <-> 00-C0-4F-48-47-93

    ARP cache
    maintains the recent mappings from IP addresses to MAC addresses

    Protocol 1. ARP request broadcast on Ethernet 2. Destination host ARP layer responds

    IP: Internet Protocol


    Unreliable connectionless datagram delivery service Responsible for routing of data through intermediate networks and computers

    IP header: 1 :ICMP 6 :TCP 17 :UDP

    0123

    4567

    11 8901

    1111 2345

    1111 6789

    2222 0123

    2222 4567

    2233 8901

    IP Routing
    Source
    Application

    Destination
    Application

    Transport
    Network Link

    Router
    Network Link

    Transport Network Link

    Routing Table Destination IP address IP address of a next-hop router Flags Network interface specification

    ICMP : Internet Control Message Protocol


    Used to report problems with delivery of IP Datagrams within an IP network Used by Ping, Tracerout commands ICMP Message
    20bytes IP Header 4bytes ICMP Header ICMP Data

    Types and Codes Type Code Checksum Echo Request (type=8, code=0) 1byte 1byte 2bytes Echo Reply(type=0, code=0) Destination Unreachable(type=3, code=0) Time Exceeded(type=11, code=0) : Time-to-Live =0

    TCP : Transmission Control Protocol


    Connection-Oriented, Reliable, Byte Stream Service
    Protocol 1. Set up connection 2. Transfer data 3. Close connection

    TCP Header Format


    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 Source Port Sequence Number Acknowledgement Number Data Offset
    -

    Destination Port

    Window Urgent Pointer Options (0 to 10 Words of 32 Bits) TCP Payload

    Checksum

    TCP : State Diagram

    10

    TCP : Connection

    11

    Client Send SYN seq=x

    Host

    Client Send FIN seq=x

    Host

    Receive SYN +ACK segment Send ACK y+1

    Receive SYN segment Send SYN seq=y, ACK x+1

    Receive ACK segment Receive FIN + ACK segment Send ACK y+1

    Receive FIN segment Send ACK x+1 Send FIN seq=y, ACK x+1 Receive ACK segment

    Receive ACK segment

    Establishing a TCP Connection

    Closing a TCP Connection

    TCP : Data transfer


    Client Send Packet 1 Start Timer ACK would normally Arrive at this time Time Expires Packet Lost Host

    12

    Timer

    Packet should arrive ACK should be sent

    Timer

    Retransmit Packet1 Start Timer Receive ACK 1 Cancel Timer

    Receive Packet 1 Send AXK 1

    HTTP : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol


    Stateless Transaction Protocol Each transaction creates a new connection Steps in Transaction 1. Establish connection 2. Request Method <URL> <CR> 3. Response Response Code <Data> <CR> 4. Close connection

    13

    HTTP
    Common Request Methods GET, PUT, POST Response Categories Informational :100 Successful :200 Redirection :300 Client Error :400 (eg. 404 Not found) Server Error :500

    14

    Example: Access www.ee.ucla.edu


    Client Appl HTTP Transp TCP
    Http request GET http://www.ee.ucla.edu<CR> Http response 200 <CR> <html file in MIME format> Initiate connection (hdshk) Package data (add TCP header) send http request packet Assemble response (break into several packets) Send http response packets Close connection (hdshk) send data to next hop ARP to provide IP/MAC translation Relay data

    15

    Server Appl HTTP Transp TCP

    Net IP Link ethernet

    Net IP Link ethernet Router(s)

    Net IP Link ethernet

    References
    TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 The Protocols by W. Richard Stevens (http://yenigul.net/tcpip) Internet Working with TCP/IP Volume 1 by Douglas E. Comer Sams Teach Yourself TCP/IP in 24 Hours by Joe Casad. Published by Sams. (http://www.informit.com)

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