Evolution From GSM to UMTS

Presented by: Dr.Shawki Shaaban

Evolution From GSM to UMTS

Steps on the way to 3G

HSCSD GPRS EDGE UMTS

(High Speed Circuit Switched Data) Introduction

HSCSD

Next step of GSM data development High speed access to data services Circuit switched connection

(High Speed Circuit Switched Data)

HSCSD

HSCSD technology

New channel coding scheme (increase the data rate to 14.4 kbps) Possibility of combining time slots (variety of bit rates from 14.4 to 57.6 kbps) Using different data rates in the uplink and the downlink direction

(High Speed Circuit Switched Data)

Symmetrical connection (2+2)

HSCSD

Asymmetrical connection (3+1)

2 time slots for the uplink 2 time slots for the downlink

1 time slots for the uplink 3 time slots for the downlink Example: downloading a web page

(High Speed Circuit Switched Data)

HSCSD

Type of connection speeds

Normal connection speed

Max connection speed

(High Speed Circuit Switched Data) Benefits of HSCSD 1. For the mobile operator 2. For the subscriber

HSCSD

(High Speed Circuit Switched Data)

Applications requiring HSCSD Transparent applications (fax ,video) Non transparent applications (www ,email) Examples Email sending and receiving www browsing File transfer Real times applications Time critical wireless imaging

HSCSD

1.
2.

1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

(High Speed Circuit Switched Data) Disadvantage of HSCSD

HSCSD

Limited number of user

(General Packet Radio Service)

GPRS

Introduction

Permits packet switched besides circuit switched It is an expansion of GSM and a main step to 3G Charging is no longer based on the transmission time Data rate depends on the coding scheme (CS1 CS4) with a max theoretical data rate 171.2 kbps The selected coding scheme depends on the QOS

(General Packet Radio Service) How to upgrade a GSM network to GPRS? 1. For the BSS software upgrade

GPRS

hardware upgrade (PCU) 2. New GPRS support nodes (SGSN GGSN)

GSM Network
PSTN

MSC

BSC

GSM BTS

GSM BTS

GSM + GPRS Other nets Network

PSTN GGSN

MSC

SGSN

BSC

PCU

GSM BTS

GSM BTS

GSM & UMTS Other nets Network

PSTN

GGSN

MSCu

SGSN SGSN u

BSC

PCU

RNC

GSM BTS

GSM BTS

Node B

Node B

GPRS Coding Schemes

GPRS using same physical RF layer as GSM speech

Data is coded into normal bursts (456 bits / 20ms) Higher data rates per timeslot achieved by removing error protection

Coding Scheme

Coded bits

Punctured bits

Data Rate (kbps)

Multiple Slot Max. Data Rate (kbps) 72.4 107.2 124.8 171.2

CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4

456 588 676 456

0 132 220 0

9.05 13.4 15.6 21.4

Max. Per TS Data rate (kbps)

KBits per Second

25 20 15 10 5 0 CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4

GPRS Coding Schemes

Coding Scheme CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 User Data Rate / TS 9.05 Kbps 13.4 Kbps 15.6 Kbps 21.4 Kbps Error correction Max throughput with 8TS High 72.4 Kbps Medium 107.2 Kbps Low 124.8 Kbps None 171.2 Kbps

Benefits Improved user perception Potential for new revenue streams (new applications / higher grade of service) Opportunity for market differentiation

Higher data rate for increased throughput

GPRS Coding Schemes

Dynamically chooses coding schemes Based on measured statistics on the radio link and the (QOS) required Optimal usage of radio resources
Data rate

Benefits Automatically give users the highest data rates under any radio conditions Perception of better service
Position

Efficient use of Radio Resources

Timeslot sharing
A Voice call require the GPRS TS
BCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH GPRS GPRS GPRS

User rate at CS2 = 40.2 kbps

BTS

Site with one carrier will be able to share time slots (Voice and GPRS)

Timeslot sharing
A Voice call takes the GPRS TS
BCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH GPRS GPRS

User rate at CS2 = 26.8 40.2 kbps

BTS

Site with one carrier will be able to share timeslots (Voice and GPRS) The first GPRS service will not require additional radios

Channel sharing
BCCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH GPRS

Bandwidth at CS2 = 13.4 kbps

BTS

Dynamic allocation of channels between circuit and packet:

BCCH GPRS GPRS GPRS GPRS GPRS GPRS GPRS MAX

Bandwidth at CS2 = 93.8 kbps

BTS

ADVANTAGES OF GPRS
1. Faster data transfer rates up to 115 kbps by dedicating all 8 time slots to GPRS
(And more economical)

GSM

GPRS

Higher data throughput

ADVANTAGES OF GPRS
2. Always on connection :
Eliminates lengthy delays required to reconnect to the network to send and receive data Information can be pushed to the end user in real time Bill by the packet (data exchanged) and type of service rather than by minute

ADVANTAGES OF GPRS
3. Robust connectivity:
First the coding scheme is selected depending on the radio conditions If error is detected in a frame received in the BSS, the frame is retransmitted until properly received before passing it on the GPRS core network

ADVANTAGES OF GPRS
4. Broad application support
Fully enable internet applications (e-mail, web access, instant messaging and file transfer) home automation multimedia web content Chat, visual information, still images, moving images and document sharing

ADVANTAGES OF GPRS
5. Security support
GPRS builds on the authentication and security model of GSM It enables an additional authentication using protocols like RADIUS before the sub is allowed to access to the internet or other data networks

(Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution) Introduction Increase data rates up to 384 kbps Introduces a new modulation technique (8PSK) and channel coding The last step before UMTS It is built on an existing GSM/GPRS system

EDGE

(Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution) EDGE modulation technique

EDGE

(Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution)

EDGE

Have the same symbol rate of GMSK Each symbol is represented by 3 bits 8PSK generates same interference on adjacent channels as GMSK. We use the same channel structure and width and frequency plan of GPRS The distance between symbols is shorter using 8PSK than GMSK misinterpretation

(Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution) Coding schemes

(modulation coding schemes)

EDGE

(Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution) Packet handling

EDGE

The ability of retransmission of packets with a more robust coding scheme Unlike GPRS in which retransmission of packets is made with the same coding scheme

(Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution) Measurement accuracy

EDGE

It is done by measuring bit error rate ,carrier strength etc It has to be done quickly to select the right coding scheme

(Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution) Edge link controlling function

EDGE

It uses a combination of 2 functionalities :

1.
2.

Link adaptation Incremental redundancy

(Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution) Link adaptation

EDGE

(Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution) Incremental redundancy

EDGE

(Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution)

Impact of EDGE on existing GSM/GPRS networks

EDGE

Hardware upgrade to the BSS (new transceiver in each cell) Software upgrade to the BS and BSC No change in the core networks New terminals - Terminal which provides 8PSK in the uplink and the downlink - Terminal which provides GMSK in the uplink and 8PSK in the downlink

GPRS -- COMPLEXITY
Abis PSTN BSC Abis A

BTS

NEW
A Gb Gs

MSC

HLR

NEW
Gc

NEW

NEW

BTS

NEW
Gn

NEW
Gn NEW

SGSN NEW

NEW
Gi GGSN

NEW

NEW

PDN

NEW

EDGE -- EVOLUTION
Abis PSTN BSC Abis A A Gb Gs

BTS

NEW

MSC

HLR

NEW

BTS

Gc

Gn

SGSN

Gn GGSN

Gi

PDN

(Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution) EDGE benefits

EDGE

Short-term benefits: Capacity and performance

Easy implementation on a GSM/GPRS network Cost effective Increase the capacity and triples the data rate of GPRS Enabling new multimedia services

Long-term benefit: Harmonization with WCDMA

Evolution From GSM to UMTS

THANK YOU Presented by : Islam Nasser Supervised by : Dr Shawky Shaaban