Getaran Harmonik Paksa

Getaran Harmonik Paksa

Eksitasi harmonik terjadi biasanya akibat ketidakseimbangan pada mesin-mesin yg berputar. Eksitasi harmonik dapat berbentuk gaya atau simpangan beberapa titik dalam sistem.

Sistem 1 dof mengalami redaman c dan dieksitasi gaya harmonik Fo cos t

kx

cx

= k x c x + Fo cos t m x

Fo cost

 = k x c x + Fo cos t m x
The solution to this equation consists of two parts, the complementary function, which is the solution of the homogeneous equation, and the particular integral. The complementary function. in this case, is a damped free vibration. The particular solution is a steady-state oscillation of the same frequency was that of the excitation.

See Blackboard

Secara Grafis
We can assume the particular solution to be of the form : where X is the amplitude of oscillation is the phase of the displacement with respect to the exciting force.

Secara grafis

 Expressing in non-dimensional term by dividing the numerator and denominator by k, we obtain :

 Expressed in terms of the following quantities:

 The non-dimensional expressions for the amplitude and phase then become

These equations indicate that the non dimensional amplitude , and the phase are functions only of the frequency ratio , and the damping factor

5,000 4,000 X k / Fo 3,000 2,000 1,000 0,000 0 1 2 3 4 5 / n =1 = 0,5 = 0,25 = 0,125 = 0,0625 = 0,01

180

sudut phase

=1 90 =0,25 =0,0625

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 / n

See Blackboard

Three identical damped 1-DOF mass-spring oscillators. all with natural frequency f0=1, are initially at rest. A time harmonic force F=F0cos(2 pi f t) is applied to each of three damped 1-DOF mass-spring oscillators starting at time t=0. The driving frequencies of the applied forces are f0=0.4, f0=1.01, f0=1.6

Open Matlab

Rotating Unbalance

Rotating Unbalance
Unbalance in rotating machines is a common source of vibration excitation. We consider here a spring-mass system constrained to move in the vertical direction and excited by a rotating machine that is unbalanced.

Rotating Unbalance
The unbalance is represented by an eccentric mass m with eccentricity e that is rotating with angular velocity w. By letting x be the displacement of the non rotating mass (M - m) from the static equilibrium position, the displacement of m is :

Rotating Unbalance
The equation of motion is then :

which can be rearranged to :

It is evident that this equation is identical to previous equation, where is replaced by

Rotating Unbalance
Hence the steady-state solution of the previous section can be replaced by :

Rotating Unbalance
These can be further reduced to non dimensional form :

4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5

180

sudut phase

=1 90 =0,25 =0,0625

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 / n