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  • Motivations - Complementarities vs. Size

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    Karina Montes
    31 Ansichten20 Seiten
    The document discusses international joint ventures and alliances. It covers motivations for partnerships such as market access, risk sharing, pooling resources, and technology transfer. It also describes different types of cooperative agreements including equity partnerships and contractual agreements. Partnerships can involve cooperative research and development, manufacturing, marketing, sourcing, or services. The ownership structure and each company's strategic and operational roles can vary significantly between partnerships. International strategies like multidomestic, global, and transnational are discussed in the context of how joint ventures fit within those approaches. Examples of real joint ventures between companies like GM and Toyota are provided to illustrate learning benefits.

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    Alliance

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    The document discusses international joint ventures and alliances. It covers motivations for partnerships such as market access, risk sharing, pooling resources, and technology transfer. It also describes different types of cooperative agreements including equity partnerships and contractual agreements. Partnerships can involve cooperative research and development, manufacturing, marketing, sourcing, or services. The ownership structure and each company's strategic and operational roles can vary significantly between partnerships. International strategies like multidomestic, global, and transnational are discussed in the context of how joint ventures fit within those approaches. Examples of real joint ventures between companies like GM and Toyota are provided to illustrate learning benefits.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    31 Ansichten20 Seiten

    Motivations - Complementarities vs. Size

    Hochgeladen von

    Karina Montes
    The document discusses international joint ventures and alliances. It covers motivations for partnerships such as market access, risk sharing, pooling resources, and technology transfer. It also describes different types of cooperative agreements including equity partnerships and contractual agreements. Partnerships can involve cooperative research and development, manufacturing, marketing, sourcing, or services. The ownership structure and each company's strategic and operational roles can vary significantly between partnerships. International strategies like multidomestic, global, and transnational are discussed in the context of how joint ventures fit within those approaches. Examples of real joint ventures between companies like GM and Toyota are provided to illustrate learning benefits.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Als PPT, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 20

    International Joint Ventures and Alliances

    Motivations Complementarities vs. Size:


    Market access Risk / experience (lack of / superior) Too small / resource pooling Intense competition Technology (lack of / superior) Learning

    Motivation: Size
    Acme Inc. U.S. Braunschweiger AG Germany

    Motivation: Complementarities
    Acme Inc. U.S. Braunschweiger AG Germany

    International Joint Ventures


    Cooperative activities:
    R&D Manufacturing Marketing Sourcing Service
    Everything?

    International Joint Ventures


    Forms of agreement:
    Equity vs. arms-length contract/agreement

    Structure:
    Ownership (50-50 51-49 90-10) Contribution ($, technology, plant, marketing) Strategic and operations roles & responsibilities
    Active vs. Passive (strategic option) Value-chain scope

    Cooperative Modes
    Independent
    Act as two separate companies; no constraints

    Coordinated / Complementary
    Act as two separate companies with established operational, product, or geographic domains or constraints

    Joint
    Act as single company

    Independent R&D
    Acme Inc. U.S. Braunschweiger AG Germany

    Independent R&D Coordinated Marketing


    Acme Inc. U.S. Braunschweiger AG Germany

    North America

    European Union

    Independent R&D Coordinated Marketing Joint Manufacturing


    Acme Inc. U.S. Braunschweiger AG Germany

    North America

    European Union

    A-B Mfg. SA, Mexico

    International Strategy:
    Pressures for Global Efficiency

    Managing Dual Pressures


    High

    Low
    Low High

    Pressures for Local Responsiveness

    Multidomestic Strategy
    Acme Inc. U.S.
    Germany

    Mexico

    Japan

    Entry?

    Multidomestic Strategy
    Acme Inc. U.S.
    Germany

    Mexico

    Malaysia

    REMEMBER: IJV is also an entry mode

    IJV in Multidomestic Strategy


    Braunschweiger AG Germany

    Acme Inc. U.S.

    Cervesa SA Mexico

    Sashimi LTD Japan

    IJV in Global Strategy


    Braunschweiger AG Germany

    Acme Inc. U.S.

    Cervesa SA Mexico

    Sashimi LTD Japan

    IJV in Transnational Strategy


    Braunschweiger AG Germany

    Acme Inc. U.S.

    Cervesa SA Mexico

    Sashimi LTD Japan

    Learning and IJVs:


    1984: The NUMMI Alliance
    GM Toyota

    NUMMI

    1986: Application of Knowledge I


    GM Toyota

    TMM-K NUMMI

    Toyota learned how to: Tap into US preference Work in US environment

    1990: Application of Knowledge II


    GM Toyota

    Saturn

    NUMMI

    GM learned: Lean manufacturing Quality

    1999: The Fuel Cell Alliance


    GM Toyota

    Alliance

    Learning Race(s)
    GM Ford

    Race to Technology #2

    Toyota

    Race to Technology #1

    Daimler-Chrysler

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