By NITHIN

Any time sequence of visual changes in a picture

Computer animation is the art of creating moving images with the use of computers. It is a part of computer graphics It has become one of the most film genres. Two types of computer animation

1.Vector animation 2.Raster animation

Vector animation is based on simple geometric shapes. Ex:triangle,polygon,circle etc

RASTER ANIMATION Raster animation based on frames which are made up of individual pixels these pixels each contain information about the color and brightness of the particular spot on the image

Animation sequence is designed with story board layout object definitions key-frame specifications generation of in-between frames. Real time computer animations produced by flight simulators for display motion sequence.

Story board Outline of action It defines motion sequence as a set of events that are to take place It depends on rough sketches or a list of the basic ideas for the motion.

Object definition can be defined in terms of shapes such as polygons. The movement of the object are specified by the shape. Key frame It is a detailed drawing of the scene at a certain time in the animated sequence. Object is positioned according to time with keyframe for a particular frame.

Intermediate frames between key frames

Ex:film requires 24 frames per second graphic terminals are freshed at the rate of 30 to 60 frames persecond.

It is to store and manage the object database Object shapes and parameters are stored and updated in the data base. Motion generation Camera movements Such as zooming,panning,tilting

General purpose languages such as C,LISP,PASCAL,OR FORTRAN is used to program the animation functions. Main task in animation is Scene description Position of objects and light sources setting camera lens Action specification Layout of motion path for object and camera

Animation languages designed simply to generate in betweens from the user specified key frames Ex:robot For complex scenes we can separate the frames into individual components or objects called cels

Transformation of object shapes from one to another

Transforming a line segment

added point key frame k halfway frame key frame k+1

Transforming a triangle into a quadrilateral

added point
key frame k halfway frame key frame k+1

Direct specification of geometric transformation (transformation matrix) Equation of the path

Bouncing ball:

y( x) A sin( x 0 ) e kx

Articulated figure: hierarchical structure composed of a set of rigid links that are connected at rotary joints Basic technique for animating people and animals

Entertainment Motion pictures and cartoons Advertising Ex:oil can is changed into engine Scientific and engineering studies Training and education.