Power System Stabilizer Models with Emphasis on PSS4B

Mohammad Umar Rehman Research Scholar, EED IIT Delhi 15th March 2013

Outline

Review Various PSS Models Comparison of PSS2B and PSS4B Alternative types

Review

Power System Stabilizers are an essential component of modern interconnected systems Provides damping of power system oscillations through excitation control leading to enhancement of transient stability and transmission capacity Needs to produce a torque component in phase with rotor speed deviations () Consists of a lead-lag compensator as the basic functioning block Common input signals are shaft speed, terminal frequency, and power or their combination
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Evolution of PSS Models

PSS1A, Single input PSS

Transducer Washout Account for LF signals and Characteristics shaping

Lead Lag compensators

PSS2B, Dual-input PSS

PSS2Bcontd

When using speed as an input signal, torsional oscillations may occur creating disturbance in measurement The solution lies in using several sensors &/or a torsional filter Therefore, the Integral of accelerating power-based stabilizer or PSS2B was developed to overcome this

PSS2Bcontd
Represents two distinct types of dual-input stabilizer implementations: a) Stabilizers that, in the frequency range of system oscillations, act as electrical power input stabilizers. These use the speed or frequency input for the generation of an equivalent mechanical power signal, to make the total signal insensitive to mechanical power change b) Stabilizers that use a combination of speed (or frequency) and electrical power. These systems usually use the speed directly (i.e., without phase-lead compensation) and add a signal proportional to electrical power to achieve the desired stabilizing signal shaping.

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PSS3B, Dual-input PSS

PE
Transducer Washout

Phase compensation

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PSS4B

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PSS4B

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PSS4Bcontd

Also known as multi-band stabilizer Motivation: lead/lag compensating filters in the older structures could not give an accurate compensation over a wide range of oscillation frequencies If the network suffers from low and high frequency oscillations, the tuning procedure of the single-band stabilizers have to compromise and will not achieve optimal damping in any of the oscillations The multi-band stabilizer has three separate signal bands, which can be tuned individually to handle different oscillation frequencies
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PSS4Bcontd

The low band is typically associated with the power system global mode, the intermediate with the interarea modes, and the high with the local modes The PSS4B measures the rotor speed deviation in two different ways. L-I feeds the low and intermediate bands, while H is dedicated to the high-frequency band. Next we consider performance evaluation of PSS2B and PSS4B

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SMIB Scenario

Gain margins and phase margins were evaluated for the following benchmark system [5]

The stabilizers have a robust performance satisfy the conventional criteria of a minimum of 6 dB and 30 for gain and phase margins, respectively
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Multi-machine scenario

Damping performance was evaluated for the well known Kundur Test system [6]

PSS4B outperforms PSS2B by providing better damping under all oscillatory modes
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Pros & Cons of PSS2B

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Pros & Cons of PSS4B

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Alternative Types of PSS

1. Based on shaft speed signal ()

Earliest PSS (1960s) to be used with hydraulic units Measurement is prone to noise and can lead to inaccuracies Needs several measurement points and a torsional filter thus adding to complexity and cost Based on the equation

2. Combination of shaft speed and power (-P-)

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contd

The integral of mech power is related to shaft speed and elec power as:

The overall TF is:

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contd
Major advantages: 1. The Pe signal a high degree of attenuation towards torsional oscillations eliminating the need for a torsional filter 2. Measurement becomes simple with the use of end of shaft speed sensing arrangement and also allows used of standard design for all units irrespective of torsional charactersitics

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References
[1] Kamwa, I. et. al. IEEE PSS2B Versus PSS4B: The Limits of Performance of Modern Power System Stabilizers, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 20, no. 2, May 2005.

[2]

IEEE, IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies, IEEE Std 421.5-2005.

[3] Hammer, A., Analysis of IEEE Power System Stabilizer Models, M. S. Thesis, Department of Electric Power Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2011. [4] Guanghui, Hua, Research and Implementation on Power System Stabilizer PSS4B Model, China International Conference on Electricity Distribution, 2010.

[5] G. N. Taranto, J. H. Chow, and H. A. Othman, Robust redesign of power system damping controllers, IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 290298, Sep. 1995. [6] Prabha Kundur, Power System Stability and Control, McGraw Hill, 1994.

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