BY: VISHU KUMAR 1HK08EE055 Internal Guide: WASEEM KHANUM

INTRODUCTION
Transmission line fault is monitored.
The steady state operating mode of a power system is

balanced 3-phase ac.

When the insulation of the system fails at one or more

points or a conducting object comes in contact with a live point , a short circuit or fault occurs.
We indicate the fault on LCD. These faults are monitoring

by using microcontroller.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Precautions:
While wiring, assembly and installation of the circuit make sure that you Use good quality wires. Use good quality relay Iron soldering temperature should be below 350 degree cent. Use good quality soldering wire.

BASIC COMPONENTS
There are number of basic components , using in this project these are (i). Power Supply for the circuit. (ii) . Voltage regulator (iii). Diode (iv). Rectifier (v). Transformer. (vi). Resistors. (vii). Capacitors. (viii). Micro controller 8051 (ix). Lcd display

TYPES OF FAULTS OCCURING IN TRANSMISSION LINES

Transient fault
Persistent fault Symmetric fault Asymmetric fault

DESCRIPTION OF POWER SUPPLY:

WORKING
Centre tapped step down transformer, diode,

electrolyte, voltage regulator are the components used.

First 220v ac supply given to the centre tapped

transformer which step down the 220v ac supply in to 12v ac supply.

After step-down transformer we use rectifier to convert

ac supply in to dc supply.

 For rectification of power we use diode which rectifies ac

supply into dc supply.

After rectification of power its converted in dc but this dc is

pulsating so we use electrolyte which gives the static dc.

Voltage regulator gives the 5v dc supply to the circuit and

again gives to the electrolyte circuit to give static dc.

Then we connect power supply circuit to the vcc of

microcontroller.

MICROCONTROLLER

 8-bit data bus

16-bit address bus 32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits

16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or less).

3 internal and 2 external interrupts. Bit as well as byte addressable RAM area of 16 bytes. Four 8-bit ports, (short models have two 8-bit ports). 16-bit program counter and data pointer

ADVANTAGE OF SYSTEM:
Conventional fault detectors response is slow in nature and even they might not be able to detect the fault due to low level of fault current. However, designed network could perform well even in the presence of considerable amount of fault resistance.
It is more accurate, reliable, than conventional system. Minimize the energy consumption of distributed sensor participating in fault management. By this system short circuit faults are relatively easy to detect and locate the fault position. We can also protect transformer using overheating device and position of transformer also locate. It is easy to install and use in system refurbishment.

DISADVANTAGES
Expensive compare to other fault detectors.
Corona Effect. Continuous observation required.

CONCLUSION
We can use the wireless technique for fault indication.
This model can be modified for long distance

transmission faults.
With the help of this model we can determine the

location of a fault on a transmission line between a master station and a remote station.

REFERANCES
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm http://everything2.com/e2node/Lithium%2520ion%25 20battery http://www.batteryuniversity.com http://newsservice.stanford.edu/news/2008/january9/nanowire010908.html http://www.nano.gov/html/research/industry.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=5210.php

THANK YOU