Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Wilma Y. Villasan
Introduction
Teachers know they are teaching students as well as
content.
They know that in every class, there will be diversity of
students.
Each will bring different: Perceptions Prior knowledge Attitudes Learning styles
Introduction
Teachers are responsible to make use of variety of
instructional approaches so all types of students and their various needs are being met.
Instructional approaches differ in the level of teacher and
student participation.
Consider the following when determining the appropriate
Retention Rate
Lecture 5 %
Reading 10 %
Audio Visual 20 % Demonstration 30 % Discussion group 50 % Practice by doing 75 % Teach Others 90 %
4% through Smell
10% through Hearing 83% through Sight
Introduction
Approaches are organized by: Highest teacher direction Lowest teacher direction Lowest student participation highest student participation Category Approaches Direct / expositive approach Guided / exploratory approach Direct / expositive approach Direct Instruction Deductive Method Inductive Method Demonstration method
DIRECT INSTRUCTION
When you give students a stronger foundation in learning skills and comprehension, you prepare them for a future without boundaries.
Direct Instruction
A way of teaching aimed at helping students acquire: Basic skills Procedural knowledge Straightforward and done in a step-by-step manner. Emphasis is on how to execute the steps of the entire
procedure.
Procedure may involve simple or complex skill.
Direct Instruction
Application of this technique is on performance based
Physical Education
procedure.
Attention is focused on detail of the procedure.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
Instructional Characteristics
Teacher directed Emphasis is on teaching the skill Each step should be mastered Students gain how rather than what. Termed procedural knowledge. Taught in step-by-step fashion. Ensures no step is
missed.
Lesson objectives include easily observed behaviour that
it is:
Highly tasked oriented Aimed at mastery of every step Lesson objectives are student based
performance expected.
the students.
Assign practice for short periods of time. Continue learning by
imitating others.
Provide feedback and encouragement. Construct good performance-based test.
PROCEDURE
Procedure
1. Provide the rationale Explain rationale and objectives. Inform students of entire procedure and how long the
Procedure
2. Provide motivation and draw commitments from
them
3. Demonstrate the skill Conduct the demonstration. Learning is achieved by observing others not trial and
error.
Procedure
4. Provide guided practice Assign practice for short periods of time.
Continue practice for complete mastery.
Procedure
6. Provide feedback It can be in: verbal, videotaping of performance, tests, and written comments 7. Provide extended practice and transfer
Mini Lecture
The mini-lecture is a one-way type of communication. The purpose of a mini-lecture is to impart knowledge. It is an efficient way of providing a small amount of
Mini Lecture
Example: presenting information on heart rate range
Structured Overview
This strategy refers to organizing and arranging topics or
year or semester.
As this is usually used as an organizer, teachers are not
Explicit Teaching
This strategy involves six teaching functions: daily review presenting new material conducting guided practice providing feedback and correctives conducting independent practice weekly and monthly review Example: strategy for answering written questions.
Explicit Teaching
As explicit teaching involves students interacting with
content, the most appropriate way of assessing may be with a combination of test items, including performance tests.
students are to do. The criteria are inserted into the templates for anecdotal records, rating scales, and checklists.
differences. Students:
observe details and develop criteria identify similarities search and sort out differences based on criteria
summarize
Bloom's Taxonomy.
The four components of compare and contrast as listed
above can be used as criteria in the templates for anecdotal records, checklists and rating scales.
Another example
T.R.G.
Thats all.