Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

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CEE 320 Steve Muench

Outline
Need for traffic solutions Possible solutions Intelligent Transportation Systems

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Road Use Growth

4.00

Increase Multiple (Based on 1960 Values)

3.50

Vehicle Miles Traveled

3.00

Registered Vehicles Statute Miles of Roadway

2.50

2.00

1.50

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1.00 1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Year
From the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 2003

Changes in Congested Peak-Period Travel

Change in Congested Peak-Period Travel (1982-2000)

Percent of Peak-Period Travel in Congestion

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1982 1990 Year 1994 2000 New York, NYNortheastern, NJ Boston, MA Denver, CO Los Angeles, CA Seattle-Everett, WA

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Problems Caused by Congestion

Increased
Travel time Travel cost Air pollution Accident risk

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Options
Construct new roads
Covered in geometric design Not likely to happen on a large scale

Reduce Traffic
Travel demand management Alternative transportation

Increase existing infrastructure capacity

Uses intelligent transportation systems (ITS)
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CEE 320 Winter 2006

Construction Is Part of the Solution

Option 1: Construction
Highway Construction Cost Sampling
Project Route 3, North Boston I-4 Tampa to Orlando I-5 Oregon US 26 Sunset Hwy. Oregon US 12 near Walla Walla River US 101 on Olympic Peninsula Total Cost $395.0 million $403.0 million $30.0 million $10.6 million $36.4 million $1.8 million Lane-Miles 42 73 5.16 2.24 25 0.8 Cost per Lane-Mile $9.4 million $5.5 million $5.8 million $4.8 million $1.5 million $2.2 million

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General Conclusion Highways cost $1 to $10 million per lane-mile to build

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San Franciscos Embarcadero Freeway: Removed 1991

Option 2: Alternative Transport

But significant new rail capacity will face the same hurdles as new highway capacity.
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Option 2: Alternative Transport

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SkyTran: Personal MagLev Transporter

Option 3: Increase Existing Infrastructure Capacity

An alternative to expensive new highway construction is the implementation of strategies that promote more efficient utilization of transportation infrastructures.
These strategies are known as the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which aims to reduce travel time, ease delay and congestion, improve safety, and reduce pollutant emissions
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How Much Capacity Is There?

Full Capacity
Highway Capacity
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How Much Capacity Is There?

Remaining Effective Capacity
Highway Capacity
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Incidents can comprise 50% of peak period congestion. 1 min delay in clearance = 4 to 5 min of traffic backup. Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion.

How Much Capacity Is There?

Remaining Effective Capacity
Highway Capacity
Caltrans reports 20% of freeway centerline miles are under construction. Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler

Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion.

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How Much Capacity Is There?

Remaining Effective Capacity
Highway Capacity
75% of NHS is subject to snow & 100% is subject to rain.

Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity

Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler

Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion.

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How Much Capacity Is There?

Remaining Effective Capacity
Periodic events can cause further restrict capacity.

Highway Capacity

Special events and disasters further restrict capacity

Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity

Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler

Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion.

CEE 320 Winter 2006

How Much Capacity Is There?

Remaining Effective Capacity
Highway Capacity
Special events and disasters further restrict capacity

Weather: Snow, fog, rain can all restrict capacity

Work zones: major cost is delay imparted to the traveler

Incidents: more delay is caused by incidents than by recurring peak period congestion.

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How Much Capacity Is There?

ITS
Remaining Effective Capacity
Highway Capacity
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Five Primary Functional Areas of ITS

Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS)

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Advanced Traffic Management Systems

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Photo from the Human-Computer Interaction Lab: University of Maryland

WSDOT Traffic Systems Management Center

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WSDOT Traffic Systems Management Center

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WSDOT Traffic Systems Management Center

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ATMS: Snoqualmie Pass

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Advanced Traveler Information Systems

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ATIS: trafficgauge

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WAP Traffic
www.wiresoft.net/traffic/seattle

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ATIS: Traffic Cameras

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Commercial Vehicle Operations

Apply, pay for and receive permits, registrations, and licenses electronically Share of common trucking data across agencies Exchange information electronically with roadside enforcement personnel Electronic screening of trucks for safety or other regulatory violations Share information across state lines and with Federal information systems
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CVO: Weigh-In-Motion System

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Advanced Public Transportation Systems

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An Example of APTS

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http://busview.its.washington.edu/busview_launch.jsp?maps=gif

Seattle Bus Monster

http://www.busmonster.com
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APTS: Bus Signal Priority

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Advanced Vehicle Control Systems

Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC) System

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