SENSORY VERBS, CAUSATIVE VERBS AND VERBS THAT TAKE SUBJUNCTIVE

LCL 460

SENSORY VERBS
EXAMPLES (a) Mary heard the children laughing. (b) I saw the child take the cookies. EXPLANATIONS Sensory verbs use either a present participle (verb + ING) or the simple form of a verb to express the second action. Depending on which is chosen, the meaning differs.

SENSORY VERBS
EXAMPLES (c) Bob heard the children breaking the bottles, so he called their parents. (d) I saw the child leaving school before class was over, so I ran to catch her. (e) The teacher watched the children overturning the chairs and setting them outside. EXPLANATIONS Use a present participle to describe actions that are: In progress (c) Unfinished (d) Repeated (e)

SENSORY VERBS
EXAMPLES (f) Bob saw the children take the cookies and put them in their pockets. (g) I saw the child leave school before class was over so Im sure shes not coming to the conference with her teacher. (h) The teacher watched the children overturn the chair and set it outside. EXPLANATIONS Use the simple form of a verb to describe actions that are completed (f and g) Or happen just once (h)

SENSORY VERBS
EXAMPLES (i) I saw the childs bicycle lying by the side of the road. EXPLANATIONS Use the participles with verbs of position (lie, stand, sit, etc.), if the thing that performs the second action cannot move by itself. Use present participles with verbs of interception (find, catch, discover, etc.), where the second action is interrupted or not completed.

(j) We caught the child taking cookies out of the jar. (k) We found the child sleeping in front of the TV.

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CAUSATIVE VERBS
CAUSATIVE VERB + INFINITIVE (a) Parents should force naughty children to stand in the corner. (c) Parents should get their children to read instead of watching TV. (d) Parents should employ or hire a doctor to examine their children at least once a year.
CAUSATIVE VERB + SIMPLE FORM OF THE VERB

(b) Parents should make naughty children stand in the corner. No synonym or substitute for this form (e) Parents should have the doctor examine their children at least once a year.

CAUSATIVE VERBS
CAUSATIVE VERB + INFINITIVE
CAUSATIVE VERB + SIMPLE FORM OF THE VERB

(f) Good parents should allow their children to play outside on sunny days. (h) Good parents help their children to learn good manners.

(g) Good parents let their children play outside on sunny days. (i) Good parents help their children learn good manners. (help can occur with either form)

PASSIVE CAUSATIVE VERBS

PASSIVE CAUSATIVE VERBS
(a) Children should be made to brush their teeth before bedtime. (c) Children should be helped to learn good table manners.

ACTIVE CAUSATIVE VERBS

(b) Parents should make their children brush their teeth before bedtime. (d) Parents should help their children learn good table manners.

PASSIVE CAUSATIVE VERBS

Other causative verbs (get, have, let) cannot appear as passive verbs in causative sentences. If the agent is unknown or unimportant, we must express the passive sentence with another causative verb + infinitive that has the same meaning. (e) Children should be inspired to read not forced. (f) Teachers should be employed to teach, not baby-sit. (g) Children shouldnt be allowed to stay up too late.

Expressions Followed by the Subjunctive

EXAMPLES (a)The teacher suggested that the child spend more time on his homework. (b)The children demanded that their father give them candy. EXPLANATION Certain verbs of urging (advise, ask, demand, desire, insist, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge) are followed by a that clause. The verb of the that clause must appear in simple form.

Expressions Followed by the Subjunctive

It is crucial that you be there before Tom arrives. It is important she attend the meeting. It is recommended that he take a gallon of water with him if he wants to hike to the bottom of the Grand Canyon.

Expressions followed by subjunctive:

It is best (that) It is crucial (that) It is desirable (that) It is essential (that) It is imperative (that) It is important (that) It is recommended (that) It is urgent (that) It is vital (that) It is a good idea (that) It is a bad idea (that)

Negative, Continuous and Passive Forms of Subjunctive

The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting. The company asked that employees not accept personal phone calls during business hours. I suggest that you not take the job without renegotiating the salary.

Passive forms
Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately. Christine demanded that I be allowed to take part in the negotiations. We suggested that you be admitted to the organization.

Continuous forms
It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane. It is crucial that a car be waiting for the boss when the meeting is over. I propose that we all be waiting in Tim's apartment when he gets home.

Fixed Expressions
Long live the King! God bless America! Be that as it may, he still wants to see her. Come what may, I will never forget you. We are all citizens of the world, as it were.