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A bowling ball is thrown at a speed of
6.8m/s. By the time it hits the pins 63m
away, it is going 5.2m/s. What is the
acceleration?
The Big 4
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A plane slows on a runway from 207km/hr
to 35km/hr in about 527m.
a. What is its acceleration?
b. How long does it take?
Ticker Tapes
A common way of analyzing the motion of objects in physics labs is to
perform a ticker tape analysis. A long tape is attached to a moving
object and threaded through a device that places a tick upon the tape
at regular intervals of time say every 0.1 second. As the object
moves, it drags the tape through the "ticker," thus leaving a trail of
dots. The trail of dots provides a history of the object's motion and is
therefore a representation of the object's motion.
The distance between dots on a ticker tape represents the object's
position change during that time interval. A large distance between
dots indicates that the object was moving fast during that time
interval. A small distance between dots means the object was moving
slow during that time interval. Ticker tapes for a fast-moving and a
slow-moving object are depicted below.
The analysis of a ticker tape diagram will also reveal if the
object is moving with a constant velocity or with a changing
velocity (accelerating). A changing distance between dots
indicates a changing velocity and thus an acceleration. A
constant distance between dots represents a constant velocity
and therefore no acceleration. Ticker tapes for objects moving
with a constant velocity and an accelerated motion are shown
below.
Uniform Motion
Position vs. Time Graph Velocity vs. Time Graph
Nonuniform Motion - Changing Velocity
Position vs. Time Graph Velocity vs. Time Graph
Q: What does the slope
on a Position vs. Time
Graph tell us?
Q: What does the slope on a
Velocity vs. Time Graph tell
us?
A: The slope on a Position vs. Time
Graph tells us the velocity. A positive
slope indicates a positive velocity. A
negative slope indicates a negative
velocity.
A: The slope of a velocity vs. time graph
tells us the acceleration. A positive
slope indicates a positive acceleration. A
negative slope indicates a negative
acceleration.
The slope or gradient of a distance-time graph is
increases with speed.
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Question 2
Describe the motion of the three buses X, Y and Z
shown in the graph below.
Uniformly Accelerating Objects
You see the car move
faster and faster. This is a
form of acceleration.
The position vs time graph
for the accelerating car
reflects the bigger and
bigger Ax values.
The velocity vs time graph
reflects the increasing
velocity.
Velocity-time graphs
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The slope of a
velocity-time graph
represents
acceleration.
constant velocity
or zero acceleration
Constant Velocity
This graph shows that
the velocity:
1. is 1 m/s.
2. stays constant at 1 m/s
for 10 seconds.
Activity #1 Predicting the fall time of
a ball
Predict how long it will take for a ball to fall
_____ meters
Show all your work and calculations
Test your hypothesis and actually time the fall
Perform at least 8 trials and find the average
fall time
Plug your time and distance values into an
equation to find the acceleration (a or g) and
see how close your value comes to 9.8 m/s/s
Activity #2
Reaction Time
Use a ruler/meter stick and calculate
your reaction time
Compare this to class/larger sampling size averages
Have one partner hold a ruler/meter stick vertically. The other
partner places their hand at the 0 cm mark. Catch the ruler and
record the distance.
Record the drop distance in cm 5 times and find the average
Calculate your average reaction time using the distance formula,
being careful to make sure your units are converted!
The average reaction time for the general population is
approximately 0.2 0.25 seconds
Activity #3 Tin pan alley
Galileo conducted an experiment similar to this to help him
determine the equation for free fall in relation to distance, time
and gravity.
Attach a set of 6 inch hex nuts to a string so that the nuts will
hit the pie pan at equal time intervals
Place your first hex nut at 15 cm
The falling nuts will accelerate (speed up) as they fall due to
gravity. How will you have to place your hex nuts on the string
so that the clangs occur at equal time intervals?
Are there any equations that can help you calculate the proper
distances?
Record the exact spacing between the nuts that resulted in the
clangs occurring at equal time intervals. Show all calculations!!