Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
The affected part of the ear is one basis for classifying hearing impairment.
Conductive hearing loss - occurs in the outer and middle ear thereby blocking the passage of the acoustic energy.
Another basis for classifying hearing impairment is its being unilateral or bilateral.
Unilateral - present in one ear only Bilateral - present in both ears
Sound is measured in decibels (dB) or units that describe its intensity, that is, its loudness or softness. Zero dB represents the softest or faintest sound a person with normal hearing can hear. Zero dB is also called zero-hearing threshold (HTL) or audiometric zero. Larger dB numbers represent louder sound.
A ten to sixteen wheeler truck registers from about 100 to 125 dB and causes pain to the ears.
Resulting impairments Faints sounds and distant conversations are difficult to hear. With a hearing aid, the student can attend regular school. As much as 50 percent of classroom conversations are missed. Limited vocabulary and speech difficulties may result. Loud conservations can be heard. Defective speech, language difficultiesand limited vocabulary result. Hearing is limited to a radius of one foot, enough to discriminate loud sounds. Defectice speech and language and severe difficulty in hearing consonant sounds may result. Sounds and tones cannot be perceived. Visions becomes the primary sense of communication. Speech and language are likely to deteriotrate.
Mild
41-55 dB
Moderate
56-70 dB
Severe
71-90 dB
Profound
In the United states at least 1 in every 22 newly born infants has some degree of hearing impairment. At least 3 in 1000 infants have a severe or profound hearing impairment. In its latest report, the U.S. Department of Education claimed that children with hearing impairment constitute 1.3% of pupils provided with special education servives and 11% of the total age population.
ATRESIA
Absence of the external ear canal. Usually unilateral or found in the both ears Often seen in the conjuction with such syndromes as Cruzons, Treacher Collins, Pierre Robin Usually congenital, but can be acquired (fungal infection, squamous cell carcinoma) Results in conductive hearing loss
Acoustic neuroma
Benign, slow-growing tumor Associated with NF-2, chromosome 22, autosomal dominant Found in the internal auditory canal Prevalence 1:100,000 75% have slowly progressive sensorineural hearing loss Other symptoms include poor speech understanding on the affected side, facial numbness,unsteadiness
Fistula
Hole in or rupture of the oval or round window in the inner ear May leak perilymph (clear fluid) into the middle ear. Caused by head injuries, diving, barotraumas, violent sneezing, etc. Results in fluctuating and/or sudden sensorineural hearing loss Dizziness can also be a symptom
Autoimmune disease
Associated with a variety of immune disorders such as HIV/AIDs May be accompanied by chronic ottis media, nasal crusting, cough, iritis,etc.. Sensorineural hearing loss occurs in 20%
Ototocity
Can be caused by awide variety of strong antibiotics such as amino glycosides gentamicin, kanamycin and others as well as chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin or loop diuretics. Can be result from exposure to various chemical agents in the environment Characterized by a progressive high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss following such exposure
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Most common congenital viral infection causing hearing loss today, occuringin 1:1000live births Contracted during pregnancy, during or after birth Can result in sensorineural hearing loss as well as CNS, cardiac, optic,and growth abnormalities Symtoms may be apparent at birth, with onset at aboout 18 months Progresses rapidly during first year
Meningitis
Neonatal infection, can be viral or bacterial Most common cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss Hearing loss can range from mild to profound, may be progressive Symptoms may include headache, neck stiffness, photophobia, and suppurative otitis media
Down syndrome
Congenital chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) 30% of these children have sensorineural hearing loss Most have poor Euchachian tube function, resulting in chronic middle ear disease with associated conductive fluctuant hearing loss
Choleasteatoma
May be acquired or congenital A benign growth of slow-growing skin tissue in the middle ear Usually caused by recurring otitis medis and negative middle ear pressure Associated hearing loss is usually conductive, but may be sensorineural depending on the location of the growth
Cruzons syndrome
Congenital abnormality of the external and middle ear Inherited autosomal dominant disorder Frog-face apperance One-third of these children have bilateral conductive hearing loss Often have middle ear defomities
Waardenburg syndrome
Autosomal hereditary dominant disorder 20% have white forelock. 99% have increased distance between the eyes, 45% have irises of the different colors Depigmetation of the skin and the eyebrows that meet over the bridge of the nose area is a common feature of this syndrome 50% have mild to severe sensorineural hearing loss. Which can be unilateral or bilateral
Usher syndrome
Autosomal recessive disorder Occurs in 6-12% of congenitally deaf children and 3 in 100,000 of the general population Involves retinitis pigmentosa and progressive moderate to severe sensorinural hearing loss Can vary greatly in age of onset, severity, and progression
Pendreds Syndrome
Congenital abnormality of the inner ear Recessive endoctrine, metabolic disorder occuring in 1 of 100,000 newborns Associated with profound sensorineural hearing loss which may develop during the first 10 years of life Also associated with thyroid defect, resulting in a goiter during the second or third decade of life. 40% have vestibular problems Often seen with a Mondini-like cochlear abnormality
Lyme disease
Acquire disorder Caused by tick-borne spirochete Leading cause of facial paralysis in children Symptoms include rash, headache, hearing loss, stiff neck, artharalysis and fatigue
Turner syndrome
Aberration of sex chromosomes, X chromosome is absent Associated with abormalities of the external and middle ear including low set ears, auricle, defect, middle ear abnormalities and a Mondinicochlea Can result in the conductive or sensorineural hearing loss