TAJUK : PERTOLONGAN CEMAS ( FIRST AID )

OLEH : EN. SARIF BIN AMIN PENOLONG PEGAWAI PERUBATAN POS BASIK KEMALANGAN DAN KECEMASAN

BARANGAN DALAM FIRST AID BOX

DISPOSIBLE GLOVE PLASTER FLAVIN SWAB GAUZE ROLLER BANDAGE CREPE BANDAGE TRIGULAR BANDAGE LOTION CALAMINE LMS FLANIL CREAM FOBAN CREAM T. PCM ORS GUNTING

HOW TO CONTROL BLEEDING

Direct pressure - Press down directly on the wound. - Use clean pad/gauze/towel. - Maintain pressure at lease 10 minute to allow blood clot. Indirect pressure - Do not apply pressure if an object is embedded in the wound. - Use indirect pressure. Lifting the limb (ey : arm, leg) above heart level to slow blood flow. Bandage with gauze and crepe bandage, etc. Refer clinic / hospital.

FRACTURES
2 Type : Close fracture ( without wound ) Open fracture ( with wound )

Reassure patient. Do not move the fracture limb. If open wound, cover with gauze apply pressure to stop bleeding. Stabilize fracture with splint. Use newspaper, wood or anything hard. Or use body splint. Elevate limb above heart level. Refer.

FAINTING
If the victim feels faint.

Reassurance. Help the victim to sit down and lean forward. Put the victim head between knees. Ask the victim to take some deep breaths.

If the victim has fainted.

Lay the victim down. Elevate legs. Loosen any tight clothing. Make sure there is plenty of fresh air. As the victim wakes up, help to sit up slowly.

BURNS
Reassurance. Lay the victim down. Rinse the burn with cold water. Gently peel back clothing. Remove watches, tight clothing. Cover the burn with sterile dressing. Cover the victim with a blanket to keep warm and prevent shock. Refer.

POISONING
Non-acid ( eg : pesticide ) Acid or burning poison ( eg : kerosene )

Give sips of milk or water. Refer the victim to hospital / health centre immediately. ( Do not make a person vomit acid poison, as this will cause more burning )

ANIMAL BITES
Use water to clean the wound. Place a dressing over the wound. Avoid moving the victim as much as possible, as this can aggravate the condition. Seek medical attention immediately. ( Never attempt to suck venom out of a wound. Animal poison may enter your mouth, especially if you have an open sore )

BEE / WASP STING

Scrape away the sting left in the skin. Place a cold compress on the sting area to reduce pain and swelling. Refer.

FITS

Keep the victim safe. Move harmful object away from the victim. Loosen the tight clothing. Then wait a few minute for the fit to pass. When the fit passed, move into recovery position. Stay with the victim until wakes up. When the victim wakes up, explain what has happened, give reassurance and refer.

EPISTAXIS
Tenangkan pesakit. Dudukkan pesakit di atas kerusi. Arahkan pesakit bernafas melalui mulut. Picit hidung pesakit ( 4 5 minit ) Letakkan ais pada dahi / air sejuk cuci muka. Ulang langkah di atas sekiranya pendarahan masih berlaku. Jangan dongakkan atau baringkan pesakit.

SPORT INJURY
AIM Reduce blood and oedema

R - Rest : No weight bearing ( 24 hours ). I - Ice : Apply ice packs. C - Compression: Crepe bandage prevent

E - Elevation R - Referral

accumulation of oedema. : Foot higher than the heart. : Hospital / health centre.

CPR ( Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation )

1 Man CPR

D R C A B C

Ventilation ( 2X )

Look for danger. Responsiveness. Call for help. Open airway ( head tilt, chin lift ) Check breathing ( look, listen and feel ) Check circulation ( check pulse )

Compression ( 30X)

Continue with 2 breaths and 30 compression until help arrives.