Types of OPAMP

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General Purpose OPAMP

Norton OPAMP

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Instrumentation OPAMP

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Isolation OPAMP

General Purpose OPAMP

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Moderate values of the key parameters JFET based differential input High input impedance

Good noise reduction

Norton OPAMP
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Moderate values of the key parameters Current differencing OPAMP ( have different internal structure) Non-inverting input is derived from inverting input

Current mirror circuit is used

Instrumentation OPAMP
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Very high input impedance Very large CMRR Extremely low values of offsets

Single ended input

Internally combination of THREE OPAMPs.

Isolation OPAMP
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Output is electrically isolated from input Differential input, single ended output

Isolation impedance in 1012 ohm, voltage 1kV

Interpreting OPAMP
A709 : First IC OPAMP in 1965 by Fairchild

A741 : Next
A741A, A741B, A741C and A741E MC1741 : Motorola Corporation LM741 : National Semiconductor

SN72741 : Texas Instrument LM709 : National Semiconductor LM725 : National Semiconductor LM324 : National Semiconductor (Quad Comparator)

Desired Characteristics of an OPAMP

Infinite input impedance, RIN =

Zero output impedance, ROUT = 0

Infinite gain, Av = Zero input offset voltage Zero input offset current Infinite bandwidth Infinite CMRR Not temperature dependent Perfect balance, when v1in = v2in , vout = 0.

Pin configuration of 741

Pin 8 : GND pin
8 7

Pin 7 : Plus VCC

Pin 6 : Output terminal

6 5

UA741CN K8X442

Pin 1 and 5 : Minus offset null and plus offset null

4 1

Pin 4 : Minus VCC

Pin 2 and 3 : Inverting and Non-inverting input

Symbolic representation of 741

+VCC
VIN1
2

+
1

7 6

VIN2
3

VOUT

-VCC
100K

Symbolic representation of OPAMP

VIN1

VOUT

VIN2

OPAMP characteristics
Input offset voltage : The differential voltage that may exist internally although no input is connected externally. Therefore an output may exist even if no input is connected.

This is the voltage to be supplied at the input to force the output to zero.
Typical value is 2 mVolt. Input offset voltage drift : Rate of change of input offset voltage with temperature. Measured in Volt per degree celcius.

OPAMP characteristics
Input bias current : Average of the two input currents, at the two inputs.
I B1 I B 2 IB 2

+
VB1 IB1

2mV

VB2
IB2

+ -

+
VO 0

VO = 0

Input bias current drift : Rate of change of input bias current with temperature.

OPAMP characteristics
2mV Input offset current : Difference of the two base currents, of an balanced amplifier.

VO = 0

Input offset current drift

OPAMP characteristics (contd)

Output offset voltage :Voltage available at output due to imbalance in differential amplifier. output offset voltage drift : Input common mode voltage range : The maximum safe voltage which can be connected at common mode input. Typical value is 13 V. Input differential mode voltage range : Maximum safe voltage in differential mode. Output voltage range : Maximum output voltage swing without significant distortion of the signal.

OPAMP characteristics (contd)

Offset voltage adjustment range : Range through which the input offset voltage can be adjusted. Typical value is 15 V Output voltage swing : Output saturation voltage. Typical value is 2 volts less than VCC.

Power supply rejection ratio, PSRR : ratio of change of input offset voltage with the change of power supply voltage.
Short circuit output current : Maximum current which will flow through a short circuit at the output. Large signal voltage gain : The gain is very large, the output signal is much larger than the input, known as large signal voltage gain.

Typical parameters of 741 OPAMP

Open loop voltage gain 100,000 Input offset voltage 2mv Input offset current 20 nA Input bias current 80 nA Input resistance 2M Offset voltage adjustment range 15 mV

Input Voltage range 13 V

CMMR 90 db

Typical parameters of 741 OPAMP (contd)

Supply voltage rejection ratio 30 V/V

Large signal voltage gain 200,000

Output voltage swing 13 V Output Resistance 75 Output short circuit current 25 mA Supply current 1.7 mA

Power consumption 50 mW
Slew rate 0.5 V / s

Frequency parameters
roll off : Gain decreases as frequency increases
Av AvD .707AvD

f1 AVD f C
Gain bandwidth product 0 fc f f1

Slew rate
Slew rate of OPAMP

Slew rate of OPAMP

Slew rate

d V Sin2ft m dt S R Vm 2fCos 2ft volt / sec

Slew rate
Slew rate of OPAMP Vm 0

SR f m ax Vm 2
2

OPAMP applications
Linear Application : Output changes in accordance with input. Example : inverting amplifier, Voltgae buffer, noninverting amplifier, current controlled voltage source etc. Non-linear Application : Output wave shape is different from that of input signal. Example : Differentiator, integrator, Comparator, Schimtt trigger, Zero crossing detector etc.

OPAMP applications
Voltage Buffer : Isolating input from output, with unity gain.
V1

+ Rf V1

+ -

R1

Rf Vo If R f 0 Overall gain, 1 1 V1 R1

Current controlled voltage source

Rf

I1

Vo I1 R f

Comparator +V CC
+
VIN R1
VREF

VREF

+
-VCC
Output

R2

+(VCC -2)

VREF

R1 R1 R2

-(VCC -2)

Zero crossing detector

+VCC +
VIN
VREF

-VCC

Output

+(VCC -2) -(VCC -2)