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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Case Study The Digger Algorithm. Working With Digger. Features. Applications Conclusions and Recommendations
Optimum Dig-lines
Note, the client dig-lines capture fewer tonnes in the higher grade ore types (Premium and HG).
As expected, the $/tonne (grade) of the higher grade ore types within the clients dig-lines is greater.
Interestingly, the revenue generated by the optimum dig-lines is greater in the high grade ore types but less in the low grade ore types.
The Algorithm
Digger2020
So, how does Digger2020 work?
Digger2020 uses simulated annealing to design optimum dig-lines. The dig-lines are optimum in the sense that they minimize the misclassification of ore types for a given set of loss functions and a minimum mining width constraint. ALL misclassification errors cost real dollars. So by minimizing these errors, optimum dig-lines maximize net revenue subject to the given constraints.
Digger2020
Here is an example.
Ore control model blocks are 2 x 2 m x bench height. Minimum mining width is 10 m. Possible destinations are waste, leach pad, or mill. Which destination yields the most revenue?
Digger2020
Digger answers this question by calculating the dollars lost for each 2 x 2 m OCM block for each destination (process) where the dollar loss is calculated as: and
Digger2020
An Example Loss Function
$ Revenue = metal price * block grade * process recovery - process break even cost
$(W) = revenue generated by waste process = 0. $(Lpad) = revenue generated from Leach pad process. $(Mill) = revenue generated from Mill process.
Potential Revenue
$(W) $(W) $(Lpad) $(Lpad) $(Mill) $(Mill)
Misclassification
W => Lpad W => Mill Lpad => W Lpad => Mill Mill => W Mill => Lpad
Recovered Revenue
$(Lpad) $(Mill) $(W) $(Mill) $(W) $(Lpad)
Penalty
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Import the optimum dig-lines into MineSight and use as guidelines for the final dig-line design.
Example input .csv file containing ore control block model grades. In this example, the current blast requiring dig-lines is Shot30. Shot99 and Shot25 identify fringe ore control blocks that Digger uses to design dig-lines. This minimizes edge effects.
A note on minimum mining widths. Minimum mining widths can be set to any dimension. They may be horizontally square or rectangular.
An example of the optimum polygon file output by Digger2020. This file is imported into MineSight for the final digline design
Note the Misclassification Summary. The percentage of ore type blocks misclassified in each ore type is provided. These statistics are very useful for the design of penalty factors. Penalty factors can be used to influence specific misclassification rates. For example, given a hungry mill, one can optimally influence the selection of non-mill ore types to supplement mill ore type material.
An example of the summary statistics put out by Digger2020. (Lines 91 to 106). In addition to the tonnes and grade for each ore type, the bottom line shows the in-situ Total Net Worth of the material captured by the dig-lines.
Features
Digger Features
Variable minimum mining widths.
Digger Features
Variable minimum mining widths.
Digger Features
Variable minimum mining widths.
Minimum mining width 6 x 10 m. This might be feasible if the shovel is mining along strike.
No Penalties
Digger Features
An example showing the application of penalties to the misclassification of HG and VHG ore types.
The application of the penalties increased the VGH tonnage from 160,625 to 171,100 tonnes (recall the hungry mill). The average grade dropped from 2.139 to 2.093 g/t .
Digger Features
Detailed Statistical Summary for Each Run As you have seen, Digger can generate significantly different sets of diglines by altering a few parameters such as minimum mining width and penalty factors. The detailed statistical summary provided by Digger enables one to easily assess and compare dig-line sets obtained by altering the input parameters. Thus, as loading equipment changes (due to repair etc.) or as mining progresses from one geologic zone to another, Digger easily enables optimum dig-lines for the situation at hand.
Applications
Digger Applications
Grade Control Digger can be customized to handle as many as 15 different ore types. Digger also works with rotated ore control models. Minimum mining widths can be set to any width. The minimum mining width perpendicular to the shovel dig direction may be different from the minimum mining width parallel to the shovel dig direction. The polygon dig-lines output by digger may be imported into MineSight, Vulcan, or Gemcom etc. Digger is currently used by Barrick Gold, Newmont Mining, IAM Gold, and Freeport McMoRan.
Digger Applications
Mine Design -- Example Case Study Narrow vein type deposit. Client wished to know recoverable tonnes and grade for various mining widths (equipment size). Resource model blocks measured 10 x 5 x 5 ft.
Digger Applications
Mine Design -- Example Case Study Scenario 1 15 x 10 m minimum mining width (very selective)
Digger Applications
Mine Design -- Example Case Study Scenario 2 20 x 15 m minimum mining width (less selective).
Digger Applications
Mine Design -- Example Case Study Scenario 3 30 x 25 m minimum mining width (excessive dilution).
Digger Applications
Estimate recoverable reserves as a function of mine design, e.g., equipment size or selectivity, bench height, blast hole drill pattern, blast hole sampling error etc. 1. Generate a (multivariate) conditional simulation of the ore deposit. 2. Validate the simulation. 3. Extract a subset of simulated values on a nominal blast hole pattern. 4. Add blast hole sampling errors etc. 5. Estimate ore control block model grades using the simulated blast hole grades. 6. Run Digger on the simulated ore control block grades. 7. Assess efficiency of mine design (compare in situ simulated reserves to recovered simulated reserves).