Tropical Cyclone Orissa(east)(Super cyclonic storm October 99)(agriculture) and Gujarat(west) (very severe cyclonic storm June 98)(industry)

) Hurricane Katrina-USA

Orissa
529km coastline Ocean very shallow ideal place for high storm generation. 409 persons per sq km-agri and fishing Thatched roofs and mud wall Flood drought and cyclone very common. Coastal area is located in high annual rainfall zone of over 150cm. 55% cyclone from Bay of Bengal hits Orissa and WB.

October 1831 Balasore 22k death September 1885 False point 5k death Nov 1942 Kendrapara 20k death October 1971 Paradip 10k October 1998 Ersama 9893 death October 99 two cylcones hit in gap of 11 days. Wind speed of 200kmph, next is super cyclonic storm with wind speed of 260kmph.

History of the cyclone Low pressure area October 24 99 about 550km east of port blair, next day it changed into a depression, then into an intensified cyclonic storm. By 27th further intensified into severe cyclonic storm Then into super cyclonic storm(wind speed 220kmph) by midnight of October 28th. Remained very severe in the land till 30th morning and lost its power on 5th November in AP coast. T-scale to rate the intensity of cyclone by US. Max is 8. this cyclone is T-7. Coastal Orissa during 29th to 31st October reported 50cm rainfall.

Forecasting and warning

INSAT tracked the cyclone and cyclone detection Radars at Paradip and Visakhapatnam. India metrological department (IMD) warned about the cyclone 48 hrs in advance. However the nature of the cyclone in land cannot be predicted.

Special Characteristics of the cyclone

Super cyclonic storm-the same place struck by a cyclone 11 days ago-most intense cyclone ever to strike Orissa. Max surface windspeed 260 Kmph. Pressure was as low as 912hpa. Heave rainfall for 3 to 4 days. High storm surge(6 to 7mt).

Causes of Unprecedented Damage/Destruction

Exceptional nature of the Cyclone. Great intensity of super cyclone level; stationery/slow moving after crossing coast but still maintain severity. Government were still working on the relief and rehabitation of the after effect of the first cyclone and the second cyclone hit the same place. Prolonged exposure of structures and vegetation's to very strong winds.

IMPACTS

AREA AFFECTED:
Twelve districts affected including two districts of west Bengal. eight coastal districts affected. Jagatsinghpur, through which the cyclone passed was severely affected. many districts were partially affected. Khurda, Puri, cuttack and kendrapara agriculturally rich devastated completely by strong winds. two districts, Puri and khurda previously affected by cyclone.
Total of 9893 people died. Majority no. of causalities were found in Jagatsinghpur district. 15. 6 million people affected by cyclone.

LOSS OF LIVES AND DAMAGE TO PROPERTIES:

financial loss calculated by the government not include the loss incurred on the
central government properties like railways, telecommunication etc.

Gujarat cyclone of June, 1998

Gujarat

Population 4.13 crores. Area: 1.96 lakhs square km Urban population is 34.5 % compared to 25.7% of National average. 4th in the country in terms of urbanization. Longest coastline around 1600 kms. Main professions of the people in the cyclone affected areas are fishing, industry, trade, commerce and agriculture. Groundnut, cotton, bajra, jowar are kharif crops grown during monsoon and post-monsoon period. severe cyclones ever recorded was the porbandhar cyclone of October 1975 estimated speed of 210 220 kmph. A VSCS(very severe cyclonic storm) forming in the Arabian sea struck Gujarat on 9 June 1998 affecting 12 districts. Porbandar, jamnapur,rajkot and kuchchh reported most number of damages.

History of cyclone

Low pressure area over the southeast Arabian Sea on 2nd June 1998. Lead to depression by 4th June and got intensified by evening. Got converted into cyclonic storm by 5th and on 6th morning it became a severe cyclone about 560 kms towards southwest of Goa. On 7th morning about 650 kms towards southwest of goa and on evening towards veraval in Gujarat. At 5:00 in the morning on 9th, crossing Gujarat coast at 25 kms and at 8:30 found at northeast of veraval in saurashtra. On 10th increase of depression and entered in Jodhpur at about 50 kms and reduced the pressure by 10th night.

Forecasting and Warning:

First located in southeast of Arabian sea faraway from Gujarat coast. The whole process was recorded at INSAT and CDR at Bhuj. It reported clearly visible eye from 5 to 7:30 IST when the event was occurring. IMD repeatedly reporting on whereabouts of the cyclone happening on 7th. Fisheries and ports warned earlier before 7th. There were complaints noticed regarding the lack of communication. people took precautionary measures who heard on radios.

Characteristics of cyclone:
Severest cyclone ever to strike coast after Porbandar cyclone. High wind speed of 160 to 170 kmph. First ever Generated about 3m high in the gulf of kuchchh. Heavy rainfall reported of about 50 to 60 kms struck coast during very dry period with moderate rainfall.

causes of destruction

Most causalities were due to drowning in storm surges. Surges occurred in thickly populated port where people have no idea of what it is. Infrastructure damage outside the surge due to strong winds. Inexperience of people about a cyclone due to the occurrence of one after 23 years. Standard procedure of informing the villages did not work and reluctance of people not moving to safer places.

Area affected
12 districts affected in which saurashtra and kuchchh were worst hit. A few more districts recorded worst hit.

Damage caused

1173 people dead, 1174 missing, 3500 people officially injured and 2.5 lakh houses destroyed. Total estimate cost of the damage was about 190 crores. Kandla (port town area) recorded of 900 lives dew to drowning. A few deaths were recoded due to collapse of buildings, falling trees due to strong winds. The storm carried away a large no of saltpan workers (agaries) who were living in the squatter settlements. large number of migrant workers were affected as well. Even industries and the crops were severely affected.

Hurricane Katrina was the deadliest and most destructive Atlantic hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the costliest natural disaster, as well as one of the five deadliest hurricanes, in the history of the United States. Among recorded Atlantic hurricanes, it was the sixth strongest overall. At least 1,833 people died in the hurricane and subsequent floods, making it the deadliest U.S. hurricane since the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane; total property damage was estimated at $81 billion (2005 USD),[3] nearly triple the damage brought by Hurricane Andrew in 1992.

Hurricane Katrina formed over the Bahamas on August 23, 2005 and crossed southern Florida as a moderate Category 1 hurricane, causing some deaths and flooding there before strengthening rapidly in the Gulf of Mexico. The hurricane surge protection failures in New Orleans are considered the worst civil engineering disaster in U.S. history[6] and prompted a lawsuit against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the designers and builders of the levee system as mandated by the Flood Control Act of 1965.

METEROLOGICAL HISTORY
Hurricane Katrina formed as Tropical Depression Twelve over the southeastern Bahamas on August 23, 2005 as the result of an interaction of a tropical wave and the remains of Tropical Depression Ten. The system was upgraded to tropical storm status on the morning of August 24 and at this point, the storm was given the name Katrina. The tropical storm continued to move towards Florida, and became a hurricane only two hours before it made landfall between Hallandale Beach and Aventura on the morning of August 25. The storm weakened over land, but it regained hurricane status about one hour after entering the Gulf of Mexico.

PREPARATIONS
On the morning of Friday, August 26, at 10 am CDT (1500 UTC), Katrina had strengthened to a Category 3 storm in the Gulf of Mexico. Later that afternoon, the NHC realized that Katrina had yet to make the turn toward the Florida Panhandle and ended up revising the predicted track of the storm from the panhandle to the Mississippi coast. The NHC issued a hurricane watch for southeastern Louisiana, including the New Orleans area at 10 am CDT Saturday, August 27. That afternoon the NHC extended the watch to cover the Mississippi and Alabama coastlines as well as the Louisiana coast to Intracoastal City

CONTD..
The United States Coast Guard began prepositioning resources in a ring around the expected impact zone and activated more than 400 reservists. On August 27, it moved its personnel out of the New Orleans region prior to the mandatory evacuation. Aircrews from the Aviation Training Center, in Mobile, staged rescue aircraft from Texas to Florida. All aircraft were returning towards the Gulf of Mexico by the afternoon of August 29. Air crews, many of whom lost their homes during the hurricane, began a round-the-clock rescue effort in New Orleans, and along the Mississippi and Alabama coastlines

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Katrina also had a profound impact on the environment. The storm surge caused substantial beach erosion, in some cases completely devastating coastal areas. In Dauphin Island, approximately 90 miles (150 km) to the east of the point where the hurricane made landfall, the sand that comprised the barrier island was transported across the island into the Mississippi Sound, pushing the island towards land. The storm surge and waves from Katrina also obliterated the Chandeleur Islands, which had been affected by Hurricane Ivan the previous year. The US Geological Survey has estimated 217 square miles (560 km2) of land was transformed to water by the hurricanes Katrina and Rita.

CONTD.
The lands that were lost were breeding grounds for marine mammals, brown pelicans, turtles, and fish, as well as migratory species such as redhead ducks. Overall, about 20% of the local marshes were permanently overrun by water as a result of the storm. The damage from Katrina forced the closure of 16 National Wildlife Refuges. Breton National Wildlife Refuge lost half its area in the storm. As a result, the hurricane affected the habitats of sea turtles, Mississippi sandhill cranes, Red-cockaded woodpeckers and Alabama Beach mice.

PRESENTATION BY
ASHWIN
KARAN JAIN RAJ KARTHIK NM

MANGLESHWAR S