Arthropods of Medical Importance

Identification (Practical only) Medical Importance Mechanism of disease transmission Control (Reading for oral)

Medically Important Mosquitoes

Female Culex
Transmits (vector) W.bancrofti
Viral encephalitis Rift valley fever

Female Aedes
Transmits (vector) Yellow fever virus
Dengue fever virus

Female Anopheles
Transmits (vector)
Human malaria

W.bancrofti
Rift valley fever

W.bancrofti & B.malayi

Viral encephalitis (occasionally)

Mechanism of W.bancrofti transmission by Culex

Body of Mosquito Abdomen Lose the sheath

Thorax
2 moults Head

Infective larvae Mosquito gut Number of microfilariae that enter the body of mosquito develop giving the same number of infective larvae Microfilaria taken with blood meal Labium

Proboscis (mouth)

This is called

Biological transmission

Cyclodevelopmental

Mechanism of Plasmodium transmission Anopheles

Sporozoites in salivary gland

gametocytes taken with blood meal Reduction division to form gametes

Sporocyst
Oocyst Ookinete Biological transmission Cyclopropagative Alimentary canal of Anopheles mosquito
exflagellation

fusion Zygote

Anopheles
Malaria transmitter

Important Egyptian Mosquitoes

Anopheles species Anopheles pharoensis
Distributed all over Egypt especially in Delta Chief malaria vector

Anopheles sergenti
Spread in oasis in autumn A malaria vector

Anopheles multicolor
Not widely distributed in Egypt Suspected malaria vector

Anopheles gambiae
An efficient malaria vector Not present in Egypt but found in Sudan.

Anopheles gambiae Is an efficient malaria vector because: Anthropophilic. Highly domesticated. Highly Susceptible to infection. Eggs resist desiccation. Culex pipiens
Distributed all over Egypt all the year round. Breed in any type of water.

Aedes aegypti
Exterminated from Egypt.

Phlebotomus papatasii (Sand fly)

Medical importance:
Transmission of diseases:

Protozoal: Cutaneous & visceral Leishmaniasis.

Bacterial: Oroya fever or Carrions disease or Bartonellosis. Viral: sand fly fever or papatasii fever or 3-day fever. Harara:

allergic reaction to bite of sand fly.

Mechanism of Leishmania transmission

Block mouth & pharynx Promastigotes In skin or blood of patient Amastigote

Biological transmission

Alimentary canal of sand fly

Promastigotes Multiply by binary fission

Cyclopropagative

Simulium
(Black or Coffee fly) It transmits Onchocerca volvulus

Mechanism of transmission
The arthropod takes microfilariae from infected human through the bite

Culicoides
It transmits M. perstans & M. ozzardi. Inside the arthropod, the microfiariae develop into infective larvae to be injected through the bite

Chrysops
It transmits Loa loa

Biological transmission Cyclodevelopmental

Glossina (Tse tse fly)

Medical Importance: It transmits (vector):

T.b.gambiense: causes sleeping sickness in man (G. palpalis) in West Africa.

T.b.rhodesiense: causes sleeping sickness in man (G. morsitans) in East Africa.

G.palpalis

G.morsitans

Mechanism of disease transmission by Glossina

Bite of & Glossina

Trypomastigotes (polymorphic trypanosomes) 12-42

3 weeks Salivary gland

Epimastigote
Full of short stumpy metacyclic trypanosomes

Infective stage
Biological transmission cyclopropagative

I- A patient presenting with dysentery

1- Which of the following protozoa may cause dysentery?

Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

Entamoeba Trichomonas vaginalis histolytica cyst trophozoites

I- A patient presenting with dysentery

2- The patient was infected by the following method:

Bite of female sandfly

Flies contaminating Contamination of food by skin abrasions by quadrinucleate cyst Triatoma faeces

I- A patient presenting with dysentery

3- If the patient was not properly treated, the following complication may occur:

Haemoglobinuria

Appendicitis

Nephrotic syndrome

I- A patient presenting with dysentery

1- Which of the following protozoa may cause dysentery?

Toxoplasma gondii Balantidiun coli tachyzoites trophozoite

Giardia lamblia trophozoites

I- A patient presenting with dysentery

2- The patient was infected by the following method:

Bite of female Phlebotomus

Bite of female Anopheles

Flies contaminating food by quadrinucleate cyst

I- A patient presenting with dysentery

3- If the patient was not properly treated, the following complication may occur:

Haemoglobinuria

Appendicitis

Nephrotic syndrome

II- A patient presenting with haemolytic anaemia

1- Which of the following protozoa may cause haemolytic anaemia?

Leishmania amastigotes

Gametocyte stage of P.falciparum

Polymorphic trypanosomes

II- A patient presenting with haemolytic anaemia

2- the patient was infected by the following method:

Bite of Anopheles

Contamination by Triatoma faeces

Bite of sandfly

II- A patient presenting with haemolytic anaemia

3- Which of the following is the cause of anaemia?

Bone marrow affection

Destruction of RBCs

Decreased iron intake in food

II- A patient presenting with aplastic anaemia

1- Which of the following protozoa may cause aplastic anaemia?

Leishmania amastigotes

Ring stage of Babesia

Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites

II- A patient presenting with aplastic anaemia

2- the patient was infected by the following method:

Bite of Anopheles

Contamination by Triatoma faeces

Bite of sandfly

II- A patient presenting with aplastic anaemia

3- Which of the following is the cause of anaemia?

Bone marrow affection

Destruction of RBCs

Decreased iron intake in food

III- A child presenting with hepatosplenomegaly

1- Which of the following protozoa may cause hepatosplenomegaly?

G.lamblia trophozoite

Leishmania amastigotes

Balantidium coli cyst

III- A patient presenting with hepatosplenomegaly

2- The patient was infected by the following arthropod:

Bite of Glossina

Contamination by Triatoma faeces

Bite of female sandfly

III- A patient presenting with hepatosplenomegaly

3- Diagnosis is confirmed by the following method:

Detection of parasite by skin test

Detection of parasite in bone marrow

Detection of parasite in stool

III- A child presenting with hepatosplenomegaly

1- Which of the following protozoa may cause hepatosplenomegaly?

G.lamblia trophozoite

Polymorphic trypanosomes

B.coli cyst

III- A patient presenting with hepatosplenomegaly

2- The patient was infected by the following arthropod:

Bite of Glossina

Contamination by Triatoma faeces

Bite of female sandfly

III- A patient presenting with hepatosplenomegaly

3- Diagnosis is confirmed by the following method:

Detection of parasite by skin test

Detection of parasite in blood

Detection of parasite in stool

IV- A patient presenting with appendicitis

1- Which of the following protozoa may cause appendicitis?

G.lamblia trophozoite

Entamoeba Balantidium coli coli cyst trophozoite

IV- A patient presenting with appendicitis

2- The causative protozoa produces the following lesion:

Ulcer with sharpFlask-shaped cut edge & ulcer indurated margin

Nodular lesion

IV- A patient presenting with appendicitis

3- The causative protozoa may produces the following complication:

Spread of protozoa to liver or lungs

Perforation & peritonitis

Steatorrhoea & malabsorption