PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT

Module 2 (1)

Dr. GOPINADHAN S. M.Com., MBA, MIB, Ph.D.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF MANAGEMENT THINKERS

FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR (1856-1916)
i. ii. FW Taylor was born in 1856 Started his career as an apprentice in Philadelphia in 1875. iii. In 1878 Taylor joined Midvale steel company in USA as shop labourer and finally became Chief Engineer in 1884. iv. Through evening course he completed ME degree in 1883 and joined Bethlehem Steel Company in 1898 and continued up to 1901.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF MANAGEMENT THINKERS

FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR (1856-1916)
v. FW Taylor published: a. A piece Rate system in 1895 b. Shop Management in 1903. c. On the Art of Cutting Metals 1906. d. The principles of Scientific Management 1911. The 18th Century witnessed industrial revolution leading to large scale production and Taylors concepts of scientific management helped to increase the need for higher production.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF MANAGEMENT THINKERS

FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR (1856-1916)
vi. FW Taylor defined scientific management as the substitution of exact scientific investigations and knowledge for the old individual judgment or opinion; either of the workmen or the boss in all matters relating to the work done in the establishment. FW Taylor firmly believed that the objective of management should be the maximum prosperity for the employer and to each employee. These can be achieved through the adoption of the scientific management.

PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Science not rule of thumb. Harmony in group action. Co-operation. Maximum Output Improvement of workers

FEATURES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

1. Separation of planning from executive function. 2. Scientific task setting. 3. Functional foremanship. 4. Work study. 5. Methods study. 6. Motion duty. 7. Time study

FEATURES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

8. Fatigue study. 9. Rate setting. 10. Standardization. 11. Scientific selection and training. 12. Financial incentives. 13. Mental revolution. 14. Economy.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF MANAGEMENT THINKERS

Taylors Contributions
F.W. Taylor, the father of Scientific Management as made many contribution in the field of Management. 1. He has applied the principles of Scientific Management to solve the problems of management. 2. According to him, it was the duty of the management to tell the employees about the expecpations of Management from employees. Should specify the way through which job is to be completed. 3. He was the first person who supported mental revolution both on the part of the employer and the employee.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF MANAGEMENT THINKERS

Taylors Contributions
4. 5. Times study and motion study were first conducted by him. Known as the first person to separate the planning function from execution function. Functional foremanship concept was first invented by him.

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CONTRIBUTIONS OF MANAGEMENT THINKERS

Criticism of Scientific Management
1. The term Scientific refers something new. Taylor did not find anything new in management, he had only made Scientific approach to Management. Workers were forced to work hard to produced maximum output and failed to consider the physical and mental well being of workers. Scientific Management gave more emphasis to production management while not emphasizing other functions of management such as Financial management, Sales management etc. Workers did not have any chance to show their ability as their work was guided and tools and equipments were provided.

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CONTRIBUTIONS OF MANAGEMENT THINKERS

Criticism of Scientific Management
5. Scientific Management emphasize the employment of first class employees only. One cannot expect all workers to be excellent. Workers efficiency improved under Scientific Management. Retrenchment of old workers and a ban on new recruitment. Under Scientific Management production increased but wages of workers did not increase in direct proportion to increased production. The roll and importance of Trade Unions reduced under Scientific Management.

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CONTRIBUTIONS OF MANAGEMENT THINKERS

Criticism of Scientific Management
9. 10. 11. It was argued that the time study, motion study, fatigue study, standardization of wage rates etc. were not scientifically measured. Implementation of Scientific Management is an expensive affair. Wages are paid according to piece-rate system under Scientific Management. This system benefits the experienced and efficient workers only. Introduction of Scientific Management requires a lot of time and it disturbs the smooth functioning of the organization. The principle of division of work fails to measure each employees contribution to the final product. Workers are treated as irresponsible. Workers opposed introduction of Scientific Management in their organization.

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