PRESENTATION ON AGENCIES OF EDUCATION

M.V.RANJIT 1st Year M.Sc

INTRODUCTION:

T. Raymont has rightly said teachers are not the only education and schools and colleges are not the only educational institutions. The other institutions though for good or ill are unquestionably educational institutions.

MEANING:

By agency we mean those sources, institutions and organizations through which the educand receives education. For the continuity, development and progress of its physical and social life, society depends upon education. Each generation has to handover experiences, traditions, customs and thoughts and values of its own as well as those it has inherited, to the succeeding generation. It is that, each society has to maintain and develop institutions for the transmission of the rich cultural heritage to the rising generation. Such institutions are called the agencies of education.

TYPES OF AGENCIES:

Those agencies which are developed with the specific and exclusive aim of imparting education are called the formal agencies of education. They are preplanned aim, scope and programme. The time and places of their activity as well as the means of their procedure and performance are all fixed and well regulated
Formal Agencies Informal Agencies Active Agencies Passive Agencies

Formal Agencies:

Informal Agencies:

Formal Agencies are those institutions and organizations, which are systematically organised and deliberately setup by society. Those agencies which are developed with the specific and exclusive aim of imparting education are called the formal agencies of education.

Informal Agencies grow up spontaneously and also dissolve in the same way. They observe no formalities of rules, generations and discipline. Their main function is also not imparting of education, but indirectly they exercise a great educative influence on their members.

Active Agencies

Passive Agencies

facilitate human interaction through a two way communication process. E.g. family, religious, organizations etc.

lack the provision for interaction while transferring information. E.g. television, newspapers etc

COMPARISON STUDY OF FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION:Formal Education

Informal education

1. It is limited to period of 1. It is lifelong with being taught as against a learning integrated with period of life and work. It life and work. Life its is imparted in educational upgraded and enriched institutions. by learning. 2. It has fixed points of entry 2. It has a flexible point of and exit. Age admission entry and exit, re-entry and entry qualification are and re-exit and so on prescribed. throughout the life span of the individual.

Formal Education

Informal Education

3. It is geared to impersonal goals of knowledge acquisition; it is examination oriented. 4. It is employment oriented. 5. It has fixed concepts and contents in its curriculum.

3. It is a process of enabling the individual to understand his own needs, the environmental situations, societal goals and mutual relationships. 4. It is motivated by individual growth, self renewal and maximizing human potential. 5. It has a diversified content in a fixed curriculum which is responsive to learner and environmental needs.

Formal Education

Informal Education

6. It is imposed by give on the receiver with little interaction between the two. 7. It fosters uncritical command obedience. 8. It works on the principle of weeding-out principles. 9. It nurtures status quo and discourages deviation. 10. It works within a fixed social frame and hence gets quickly out of step with social change.

6. It is a process of sharing, exploring, analyzing and judging together with maximum participation of the learner. 7. It develops an open-end critical and self reliant awareness. 8. It works on the principle of universal success through universal learning satisfaction. 9. Encourages healthy points of departure towards progress. 10. It anticipates and prepares for change for the future

COMPARISON STUDY OF EDUCATION IN FORMAL & INFORMAL AGENCY

Formal education in formal agency 1. It is planned keeping in view some definite aim. 2. It is imparted through formal lessons or well planned means. 3. There is definite course to be covered during a definite period. 4. Both teacher and taught are aware of process through which education is imparted. 5. It is organized by some agency, managing committee or government. 6. It starts and ends at a particular age. Informal education in informal agency 1. It has no definite aim. 2. It is not imparted through any formal/planned means. 3. There is no definite course. 4. They are not conscious of the process. 5. There may not be any organizing body behind the process. 6. It is a lifelong process and continues for whole life.

Formal education in formal agency

Informal education in informal agency

7. Puts a mental strain both on teacher and taught. 8. Observes several formalities. 9. Only qualified teachers work. 10. There are regular and set programmes. 11. A specific time-table is followed.

7. Being natural doesnt strain anybody. 8. No formalities are observed here. 9. Education can be obtained from anybody. 10. It takes place naturally. 11. Nothing like a time-table is followed here.

IMPORTANCE OF HOME/ FAMILY AS AN AGENCY OF EDUCATION-

Home and family has been playing an important role in training and education of a child. It is the first place were we learnt our first lessons of living together, working together, helping each other and learning lessons of mutual help and adjustment. Family/home is an important agency of education and has been exercising an everlasting and immediate influence on behavior, character, conduct and personality of its members.

IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS OF HOME:

Social Economic Civic Moral Religious and cultural

EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS OF HOME:

Personal interaction Provides complete social environment in childhood, Vocational education Teaches social values Citizenship education Provides moral and religious education. Develops proper attitudes and interests

SOCIETY AND EDUCATION:

Man is a social animal, He cannot maintain his existence without society. So he created a society. For its information, mutual contact of persons, exchange of ideas and some rules for preservation of rights are required. Mutual contact and feeling of oneness are essential for the formation of a society. There is no restriction or limit for the size of society. A society may be of two persons only and of crores of people also.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SOCIETY FOR EDUCATION:

The responsibilities of education of the child lie on both state and society. In democratic countries like, India the direct responsibility is that of society and it manages the education of child through different educational institutions, but ultimately its responsibility falls on the state. Family, Schools, assemblies and state are different units of society; all these have impact on child. This impact has an important place in the development of the child.

RELATION BETWEEN SCHOOL & SOCIETY:

School is a unit of society, so mutual co-operation is necessary for the smooth fulfilment of responsibilities. All the units of society should cooperate with each other for the development of all. They go to the extent of saying that school should be the mirror of society where all the individual of the society are reflected.

SCHOOL AS AN IMPORTANT AGENCY OF EDUCATIONSchool is a unit of a society, so mutual cooperation is necessary for the smooth fulfilment of responsibilities. SIGNIFICANCE OF A SCHOOL School is a social institution set up by society to serve its ends. It is one of the most important functional agencies of education. It plays a major role in moulding the ideas, habits and attitudes of child with a view to provide well balanced personalities with physically strong, mentally alert, emotionally stable, culturally sound and socially efficient

FUNCTIONS OF PRESENT DAY SCHOOLSMany sided education Training for democracy Conservation of culture Social reform Developmental of scientific attitudes Understanding importance of play in education of child Opportunities for self-expression Special responsibility for religious issues School life closely connected with life outside Value of interdependence Opportunities for full development of the child

FUNCTIONS OF PRESENT DAY SCHOOLS:Recognition of individual differences Provision for social justice Responsibility for moral education Freedom for self development School as a place of productive activity School as a centre of community service

CONTINUING CORRESPONDENCE, DISTANCE AND OPEN EDUCATION

Distance education caters to all sections of society and especially to those who on account of several reasons are unable to pursue full time regular courses. In-service personnel, housewives, disabled persons, underprivileged people, people residing in remote areas, school drop-outs etc all can avail of the courses offered.

CHARACTERISTICS AND DEMERITS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION & FORMAL EDUCATION

DISTANCE EDUCATION

FORMAL EDUCATION

It concentrates on needs of learner. Takes into account the convenience of the learner. Flexible in the sense that a course can be completed in a number of years. Indirect education as it is not centered on face-face communication. Uses medium like computer, radio and T.V Part time education. Less expensive

Puts institution first. Teacher centered. Course is to be completed within a given period of time. Direct education centered on face-face communication. Print word is the most prominent element. Full time education. Relatively expensive.

DISTANCE EDUCATION

FORMAL EDUCATION

Lacks certain kind of vitality which only the presence of a teacher can generate. Flexible with regard to qualification for entry. May/may not be for a degree/diploma. Separation from peer group System of mass education Available even in areas where there is no school/college. Available to those with poorhealth/disadvantageous physical condition/any psychological condition. Looks for unorthodox modes and means of educating all those who are willing to be educated.

Provides vitality with the presence of a teacher. Rigid It is for a degree/ diploma. Close contact Imparted in a group. Not possible without an educational institution. Not available to such groups. Depends upon conventional means of education.

OBJECTIVES OF OPEN UNIVERSITY

To provide greater equality of opportunity and access to higher education. To provide educational opportunities for those who missed such opportunities hence they were young and joined career. to provide opportunities to those adults who would like to have access to higher education throughout their lives and To help those who want to learn new subjects or renew/update their knowledge while in service.

FEATURES AND MERITSa.

b.
c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

Relaxed entry regulation. Self pacing. Freedom and flexibility in chasing any combination of courses. Transfer of credit from one programme to another and from one university to another. Education is home based and not classroom based. Communication technology is used to provide multimedia teaching. Quality of teaching is high because it helps the best expertise available in country. Offers not only degree, diploma and certificate courses but also extension, enrichment, community oriented and continuing education.

MASS MEDIA AS AN AGENCY OF EDUCATION

Mass media means of communication that reaches a large number of learner or people with a common language/message. Provides quality learning experiences. Catering to large number of students. Offering advice in terms of physical control of stimulimagnifying pictures and films enabling close observation. Providing multisensory stimuli auditory and visual stimuli and multi range stimuli. Serving as storage banks of information as pictures, audios and videotapes, films and slides- useful for sensing replaying and reviewing in classroom.

COMMUNITY AND SCHOOLSCHOOL AS A CENTER OF COMMUNITY SERVICE Linking curriculum with needs of children. Organizing social service clubs for understanding various progression of community service. Setting up adult education centers. Celebration of national days and festivals. Providing a special section of library books useful for adults. Formation of parent-teacher association. Organizing campaigns like literacy. Making school as a center for utilizing leisure time meaningfully.

SCHOOL/ IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM UNDERTAKEN BY COMMUNITY

Donating land for school. Construction of a few rooms or entire school building. White washing or repair to school building. Construction of school compound walls. Provision of sheds for cooking meals. Donating land for playground. Donation of land for agricultural and other purposes. Painting of blackboards. Repair of school furniture. Supply of free uniform and other articles. Supply of grain, firewood etc. Supply of radio and T.V sets. Provision of drinking water. Helping school in enrolment and retention of students. Providing first aid etc.

PEER GROUPS AND PLAY GROUPS

PEER GROUP- In developed countries like India, peer groups are yet in infancy but their influence has been steadily growing. They operate in the area of vocational, recreational and social activities. They also provide sex education. A peer group serves as an important social agency of education during adolescence. It is fairly independent of external control and supervision.

PLAY GROUP- FOLLOWING ARE EDUCATIVE

VALUES OF ACTIVITIES OF PLAY GROUPS Children learn to cooperate with other children. They learn the qualities of follower ship as well as leadership. Children develop social attitudes. Children learn to go beyond egocentric interests. Provide opportunities to children to mix-up with children of different socio-economic strata of society. Working in play groups, children learn to respect others rights and privileges. Play groups provide all the advantages which play in general provides for a childs development in emotional, mental and physical areas.

MASS MEDIA AS AN AGENCY OF EDUCATIONMass media means of communication that reaches a large number of learner or people with a common language/message. Provides quality learning experiences. Catering to large number of students. Offering advice in terms of physical control of stimulimagnifying pictures and films enabling close observation. Providing multisensory stimuli auditory and visual stimuli and multi range stimuli. Serving as storage banks of information as pictures, audios and videotapes, films and slides- useful for sensing replaying and reviewing in classroom.

CONCLUSION

It is observed that according to some education of all the education we receive, we learn 1/4th from books, 1/4th from our colleagues and one from environment. This indicates the type of education directly/indirectly, formally or informally, consciously or unconsciously and actively/ passively. In view of changing nature of society, role of each type agency of education undergoes several changes. Education in a wider sense takes place from womb to tomb. It is carried on by a number of agencies, usually classified as formal, informal and non-formal.

BIBLIOGRPHYteacher and education in a developing society; S C Aggrawal; first edition;1995;New Delhi; PN 165168 nursing education; K P Neeraja; 3rd edition; new Delhi; PN-305-307

THANK YOU / DANKE