HT 305 HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH SUBMERGED HELICAL COIL IN AN AGITATED VESSEL

Date of Experiment: 21st September, 2011.

Date of Presentation: 26th September, 2011.

Name of the group: B1(b) Student Information:

Sri Vivek Puneet Singla Amruta Rokade Tarun Gangwar 09002059 09002060 09d02019 09d02022 Report Report PPT Presentation

Motivation and Objectives

Determination of coil side heat transfer coefficient through submerged helical coil in the vessel under steady state conditions. Tube coils offer a substantial amount of heat transfer area at a considerably low cost. Coils have lower wall resistance & higher coil side HT coefficient. Helical coil heat exchanger is compact in size and less expensive.

Theory
The tubes are coiled into helices in which inlet and outlet are conveniently located side by side.

The SiederTate equation is

NuD= 0.023(ReD)0.8(Pr)1/3(/w)0.12(1) The correlation describing the Nusseltno. for heat transfer to fluids in vessel with mechanical agitation heated or cooled by submerged coils isknown as Chilton, Drew and Jebens correlation: hcd/k = 0.87(NL2/)2/3(Cp/k)1/3(/w)0.12 (2) The general heat transfer equation is given by 1/U = 1/ho + 1/hi+x/k (3) The thermal conductivity of pipe material is very high so the above expression is reduced to: 1/U = 1/ho + 1/hi (4)

To calculate experimentally, we use the relationship between hi and v0.8. Substituting this and the Seider Tate equation in the Overall heat transfer equation, we get:

The plot of 1/U vs 1/ v0.8 gives 1/ ho (k2) as intercept. Then, we get hi by subtracting the intercept from 1/U and reciprocating. The correlation describing the Nusselt no. for heat transfer to fluids in vessel with mechanical agitation heated or cooled by submerged coils is as follows:

Where, Dj = inside diameter of the agitated vessel [m] hc = coil side heat transfer coefficient [kcal/hr-m2-0C] L = agitator diameter [m] N = agitator speed [rev/sec] or rev/hr K = thermal conductivity of fluid in the vessel [Kcal/hr-m-OC] = viscosity of fluid in the vessel [kg/m-hr] w = viscosity of fluid in the vessel at coil wall temp. [kg/m-hr]

Experimental Setup:

Experimental Procedure:
Fill the given agitated vessel with the given test liquid to about 8590 % of its capacity and start the agitator motor Start the heaters in the agitated vessel and set the desired temperature (about 600C) on the thermostat. Throughout the given set of readings keep this temperature at this level.

Start the water motor pump. Adjust the flow rate of the water at the desired level by its speed regulator
After steady state is attained note down inlet and outlet temperatures of the cooling water. Also measure the flow rate of the cooling water

Take three readings of temperatures for each flow rate and keep the agitation speed constant.

Perform the same experiment by keeping the flowrate of water constant (at about 400 lph) and varying the rpm of the agitator

Calculation Procedure
Calculate the amount of heat transferred to the cold fluid Q=m*C*T Calculate LMTD and area of heat transfer Calculate overall heat transfer coefficient U using U=Q/A*LMTD

Calculate velocity v and Reynolds no Re of fluid in the pipe

Plot 1/U v/s 1/v^0.8 and obtain ho from intercept

Calculate inner heat transfer coefficient (experimental)

Calculate theoretical heat transfer coefficient hth from Seider Tate Equation

Plot Re vs hth and Re vs hexp

Plot 1/v^.8 vs hexp and 1/v^.8 vs hth

For Part 2 calculate Q and U

Plot log U ns log N and calculate the error

Observation table
Sno Flow rate (cold) t1 t2 LMTD Q=mCpdT U v 1/v0.8 1/U

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

240 300 360 420 480 520 600

27.8 27.8 27.7 27.7 27.7 27.7 27.7

32.4 31.6 31.2 30.5 30.0 29.6 29.3

34.84 35.26 35.52 35.88 36.13 36.34 36.49

1288.36 1330.38 1470.42 1372.39 1288.36 1197.34 1120.32

378.82 386.55 424.17 391.92 365.31 337.60 314.56

1.04 1.30 1.57 1.83 2.09 2.35 2.61

0.96 0.80 0.69 0.61 0.55 0.50 0.46

0.0026 0.0026 0.0024 0.0026 0.0027 0.0030 0.0032

Observation table
1/v0.8 0.96 0.80 0.69 0.61 0.55 0.50 0.46 1/U 0.0026 0.0026 0.0024 0.0026 0.0027 0.0030 0.0032 1/ho 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 0.0017 hi exper 1418.83 1503.31 2027.87 1565.80 1285.35 1056.48 901.52 Re 11817 14772 17726 20681 23635 26589 29544 Pr 5.77 5.77 5.77 5.77 5.77 5.77 5.77 Nu 87.86 104.19 120.55 136.37 151.75 166.74 181.41 hi theor 5616.97 6714.76 7769.18 8788.86 9779.72 10747.04 11691.07

Graphs

Graphs

Graphs
Ln U and Ln ho vs. Ln N
6.4 6.3 y = 0.5562x + 2.6125

6.2
6.1 y = 0.5015x + 2.832 Ln U and Ln ho 6 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6 lnU ln ho Linear (lnU) Linear (ln ho)

5.5
5.4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Ln N

Results and Discussion

The value of h0 is obtained from the graph of 1/U vs 1/v^0.8 to be 588.23 J/(m2s oC). The value of inner side heat transfer coefficient hi increases with increase in the flow rate of the cold fluid, as can be observed from graph of hi vs 1/v^0.8. The value of inner side heat transfer coefficient hi increases with increase in the number of rotations of the agitator in the hot fluid. The slope of the graph of log U vs log N is seen to be 0.55 , whereas the expected value from the Chiltons, Drews and Jebens corrrealtion is 0.66 with an error of 16 %

Conclusion
With increase in flow rate, the velocity of each differential packet gets less time for heat exchange, thus less temperature gain by the cold fluid. With the increase in agitator speed, the turbulence increases and thus the heat exchange. The helical coil arrangements heat transfer coefficient is better than the corresponding straight coil, due to more turbulence generated inside the tube because of turns of helix geometry.

Precautions and Sources of Error

A constant watch must be kept on the rotameter as the flow rate of the cold fluid (water) fluctuates. The readings are to be taken only in the relay off state as there are temperature fluctuations in the relay on state. The hot fluid chamber is open to air. Loss of liquid to the atmosphere might pose a problem. A closed agitator vessel would be better. Cooling water inlet was from tap , so inlet temperature is not possible to maintain constant