THOMAS FRIEDMAN

THE WORLD IS FLAT

INTRODUCTION
Friedman recounts a journey to Bangalore, where he realized that globalization has changed core economic concepts. In his opinion, this flattening is a product of a convergence of personal computer with fibre-optic micro cable with the rise of work flow software. He termed this period as Globalization 3.0, differentiating this period from the previous Globalization 1.0 (in which countries and governments were the main protagonists) and the Globalization 2.0 (in which multinational companies led the way in driving global integration).

FLATTENERS
Friedman defines ten "flatteners" that he sees as levelling the global playing field. Friedman repeatedly uses lists as an organizational device to communicate key concepts, usually numbered, and often with a provocative label. The ten forces that flattened the world, called the FLATTENERS are an example of this device.

#1: COLLAPSE OF THE BERLIN WALL

Friedman called the flattener, "When the walls came down, and the windows came up." The event not only symbolized the end of the Cold War, it allowed people from the other side of the wall to join the economic mainstream. "11/9/89" is a discussion about the Berlin Wall coming down, the "fall" of communism, and the impact that Windows powered PCs had on the ability of individuals to create their own content and connect to one another.

#2: NETSCAPE
Netscape went public at the price of $28. Netscape and the Web broadened the audience for the Internet from its roots as a communications medium used primarily by "early adopters and geeks" to something that made the Internet accessible to everyone from five-year-olds to ninety-five-year-olds.

#3: WORKFLOW SOFTWARE

There was an emergence of software protocols (SMTP simple mail transfer protocol; HTML the language that enabled anyone to design and publish documents that could be transmitted to and read on any computer anywhere). This is what Friedman called the "Genesis moment of the flat world." The net result "is that people can work with other people on more stuff than ever before." This created a global platform for multiple forms of collaboration.

#4: UPLOADING
Communities uploading and collaborating on online projects. Examples include open source software, blogs, and Wikipedia. Friedman considers the phenomenon "the most disruptive force of all."

#5:OUTSOURCING

#6:OFFSHORING

Outsourcing has allowed companies to split service and manufacturing activities into components which can be subcontracted and performed in the most efficient, costeffective way.

Shifting operations to another place to perform efficiently and to keep costs low. Boosted by China joining the WTO . Ideology is Well if we cant sell that many things to China now, why dont we use its disciplined labour pool to make things there and sell them abroad?

OUTSOURCING

#7: SUPPLY CHAINING

Collaborating horizontally among suppliers, retailers and customers- to create value Wal-Mart symphony Too much of a good thing

#8: INSOURCING

#9: INFORMING

Companys employees perform services beyond shipping for another company. Specialisation UPS for Toshiba & Papa Johns pizza

Google "Never before in the history of the planet have so many people on their own had the ability to find so much information about so many things and about so many other people," -Thomas. L. Friedman.

#10: THE STEROIDS

Computing IM(instant messaging) and VOIP(voice over internet protocol) PDAs( personal digital assistants): ipads, smartphones Video-conferencing Computer Graphics digital, mobile, virtual and personal- Carly Fiorina- Ex HP CEO .

CONCLUSION
What Friedman offered with these ten flatteners is a very rich and compelling reminder that the world is moving forward and changing and the speed of change is accelerating Friedman is neither optimistic, nor pessimistic. He holds his role as a journalist throughout. The reader gets a world tour of perspective and insight.

MESSAGE
Every morning in Africa, a gazelle wakes up. It knows it must run faster than the fastest lion or it will be killed. Every morning a lion wakes up. It knows it must outrun the slowest gazelle or it will starve to death. It doesnt matter if you are a lion or a gazelle. When the sun comes up, you better start running.