6.

4 Vectors and Dot Products

Finding the angle between two vectors
Writing a vector as the sum of two
vectors components
Definition of Dot Product
Given: Two vectors in Component form




The result is a number, not a vector
2 2 1 1
2 1 2 1
, ,
v u v u v u
v v v and u u u
+ = -
= =
Find the Dot Product
Given
3 , 2 6 , 4 -
Find the Dot Product
Given
( )( )
26 18 8
3 6 2 4
3 , 2 6 , 4
= +
+
-
Products of the Dot Product

( )
( ) cv u or v cu v u c
scalar is c where
v v v
w u v u w v u
v
u v v u
- - = -
= -
- + - = + -
= -
- = -
2
0 0
The Angle Between two vectors
For angles
t u s s 0
v u
v u
Cos

-
= u
The Angle Between two vectors
For angles




Find the angle between
t u s s 0
v u
v u
Cos

-
= u
2 , 3 , 5 , 1 = = v u

( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 3 , ) 5 ( 1
13 2 5 3 1
2 , 3 , 5 , 1
+ = + =
= + = -
= =
v u
v u
v u
v u
v u
Cos

-
= u

( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) =
=
= =
+ = + =
= + = -
= =

45 7071 . 0
... 7071 . 0
338
13
13 26
13
2 3 , ) 5 ( 1
13 2 5 3 1
2 , 3 , 5 , 1
1
2 2
2 2
Cos
Cos
Cos
v u
v u
v u
u
u
v u
v u
Cos

-
= u
The Angle Between two vectors
For angles



Vectors are Orthogonal if there
Dot Product (uv)= 0
What is the angle between the vectors,
Why?
t u s s 0
v u
v u
Cos

-
= u
Definition of Vector Components
Let u and v be nonzero vectors.
u = w
1
+ w
2
and w
1
w
2
= 0
Also, w
1
is a scalar of v

The vector w
1
is the projection of u onto v,
So w
1
= proj
v
u
w
2
= u w
1

v
v
v u
u proj
v

|
|
.
|

\
|
-
=
2
Decomposing of a Vector Using
Vector Components

v
v
v u
u proj w
w w u
v u
v
|
|
.
|

\
|
-
= =
+ =
= =
2
1
2 1
2 , 6 , 5 , 3
Decomposing of a Vector Using
Vector Components

( )
5
2
,
5
6
2 , 6
40
8
2 , 6
2 6
2 ) 5 ( 6 3
2 , 6 , 5 , 3
1
2
2 2
1
2
1
2 1
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
-
= =
+ =
= =
w
w
v
v
v u
u proj w
w w u
v u
v
Decomposing of a Vector Using
Vector Components

( )
5
2
,
5
6
2 , 6
40
8
2 , 6
2 6
2 ) 5 ( 6 3
2 , 6 , 5 , 3
1
2
2 2
1
2
1
2 1
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
-
= =
+ =
= =
w
w
v
v
v u
u proj w
w w u
v u
v
5
27
,
5
9
5
2
,
5
6
5
27
,
5
9
5
2
5 ,
5
6
3
2
2

+ =

=
=
u
w
w
Definition of Work
Work is force times distance.
If Force is a constant and not at an angle


If Force is at an angle
PQ F W =
PQ F proj W
PQ
=
Homework
Page 447 448
# 1, 5, 17, 21, 25,
29, 33, 37, 41,
45, 49, 53, 63, 67
Homework
Page 447 448
# 4, 8, 12, 16,
20, 24, 28, 32,
36, 40, 52