Personality

Personality

Dr. M. Chaudhuri

Personality
What is Personality? Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others. It is the unique and relatively stable pattern of behaviour, thoughts, and emotions shown by individuals. What are Personality Traits? Personality traits are enduring characteristics that describe an individuals behaviour (over time and across situations).
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Determinants of Personality
HEREDITY The ultimate explanation of an individuals personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes.

1.

Behaviour and temperament of young children e.g. shyness, fear, distress 2. Twins separated at birth 3. Consistency in job satisfaction over time and across situations
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Determinants of Personality (contd.)

ENVIRONMENT 1. Culture - Norms, attitudes, values 2. Learning Conditioning, experience

SITUATION An individuals personality, although generally stable and consistent, does change in different situations. The different demands of different situations call forth different aspects of ones personality.
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Extraverted vs. Introverted (E or I) Outgoing, sociable, assertive vs. quiet, shy Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N) Practical, detail-oriented, preference for routine and order vs. unconscious processes Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F) Use of reason and logic vs. relying on personal values and emotions Judging vs. Perceiving (J or P) Preference for order, structure and control vs. flexibility, spontaneity
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Nickname for Each Type

ISTJ
Planner Inspector

ISFJ
Protector Supporter

INFJ
Foreseer Developer

INTJ
Conceptualizer Director

ISTP
Analyzer Operator

ISFP
Composer Producer

INFP
Harmonizer Clarifier

INTP
Designer Theorizer

ESTP
Expeditor Promoter

ESFP
Motivator Presenter

ENFP
Discoverer Advocate

ENTP
Explorer Inventor

ESTJ
Implementer Supervisor

ESFJ
Facilitator Caretaker

ENFJ
Visionary Mentor

ENTJ
Strategist Mobilizer
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The Big Five Model of Personality

Extroversion Ones comfort level with relationships (sociable, gregarious, assertive versus reserved, timid, quiet) Agreeableness Ones propensity to defer to others (good-natured, cooperative, trusting versus cold, disagreeable, antagonistic) Conscientiousness Ones reliability and responsibility (responsible, dependable, persistent, organized versus distracted, disorganized, unreliable)
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The Big Five Model of Personality (contd.)

Emotional stability Ones ability to withstand stress (calm, self-confident, secure versus nervous, depressed, and insecure) Openness to experience Ones range of interests and fascination with novelty (imaginative, sensitive, curious versus conventional, finding comfort in the familiar)
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Measuring Personality
Self-report Surveys
Impression Management Accuracy

Observer-ratings Surveys
Accuracy

Projective Measures
Assessment
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Choose A or B for each item:

1. a. Becoming a success is a matter of hard work; luck has little or nothing to do with it. b. Getting a good job depends mainly on being in the right place at the right time.
2. a. The average citizen can have an influence in government decisions. b. This world is run by the few people in power, and there is not much the little guy can do about it.

3. a. As far as world affairs are concerned, most of us are the victims of forces we can neither understand nor control. b. By taking an active part in political and social affairs, people can control world events. 4. a. With enough effort we can wipe out political corruption. b. It is difficult for people to have much control over the things politicians do in office.

Scoring Key:
The internal locus of control answers are: 1a, 2a, 3b, 4a The external locus of control answers are: 1b, 2b, 3a, 4b

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Dr. M. Chaudhuri

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Personality Attributes Influencing OB

Locus of Control (LOC) A persons perception of the source of his or her fate is termed locus of control. 1. Internals Individuals who believe that they control what happens to them. 2. Externals Individuals who believe that what happens to them is controlled by outside forces. Implications on Performance & Satisfaction (Absenteeism, alienation, motivation, turnover, health)
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Personality Attributes Influencing OB

Machiavellianism The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means. High Machs manipulate and bargain more and are persuaded less. They succeed when there is more of face to face interaction, and few rules and regulations to be adhered to.

Implications on Work Ethics Jobs that involve bargaining skills or offer substantial rewards for winning
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Personality Attributes Influencing OB

Self Esteem The individuals degree of liking or disliking themselves. (high expectations for success, risk-taking, choosing unconventional jobs, versus seeking approval, pleasing others, susceptibility to external influence) Self Monitoring The individuals ability to adjust his or her behaviour to external, situational factors. (adjusting, adaptable, highly sensitive, versus behavioural consistency) Risk Taking The individuals willingness to take chances or risks. (how much time and information required to arrive at a decision)
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Personality Attributes Influencing OB

Type A Aggressive Impatient Competitive Always on the move Thinking or doing two or more things at once Achieving more and more in less and less time Time urgency (no time for leisure) Type B

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Personality Attributes Influencing OB

Narcissism The tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement. They tend to be selfish and exploitative. Proactive Personality People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs. They create positive environments despite constraints.

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Get Started! Happy Understanding!!!

Personality

Dr. M. Chaudhuri

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