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PRESENTATION BY :
PRAKHAR KUMAR SHARMA. AND MOHAMMAD SHAKER AZIZI.
CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION :
What is trade union? Characteristics of trade unions. History of trade unions. Objectives of trade unions. Role and functions of trade unions. Why workers join trade unions? Types of trade unions. Union tactics. Trade union movement in India. Trade Unions Act 1926. Problems and Shortcomings of trade unions in India. Measures to strengthen trade unions.
According to Chamberss twentieth century dictionary -Trade union is an organized association of workers of an industry for the protection of their common interests. According to section 2(b) of the Trade Unions Act 1926 A trade union is any combination of persons , whether temporary or permanent , formed primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations between workmen and employers , or between workmen and workmen , between employers and employers, or for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business, and includes the federation of two or more trade unions.
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It is a combination of workers. Such combination may be permanent or temporary. It may include federation of two or more unions. It regulates relations among workers, between workers and employers or among employers.
Workers thus forced by circumstances to combine , organize and form their associations, called Trade Unions, to defend their rights ,living and working conditions and protect themselves from exploitation and maltreatment by employers and management.
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Fair wages for the workers in the light of cost of living and prevailing standards of living. To improve working conditions shorter working hours, better leave facilities, adequate social security, better housing and education. Assurance of share to workers in the increased profitability of industry through adequate bonus. To ensure security of employment by
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To protect workers against exploitation and maltreatment by the employers. To protect the larger interest of society by assisting in the improvement of trade and industry.
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To improve working and living conditions. To provide good educational and health facilities. Fraternal functions Trade unions act as benefit organizations to their members. Social functions educating poor masses, conducting anti-corruption campaigns etc. To cooperate in improving production and productivity.
Greater Bargaining Power. Check on Arbitrary Actions. Sense of Security. Recognition and Participation. Sense of Belongingness. Platform for Self Expression. Betterment of Relationships. Leadership.
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ON THE BASIS OF PURPOSE Reformist unions : These unions only intend to modify the existing social, economic or political makeup of the state and not eliminate it. R.F. Hoxie further classified reformist unions into two types Business unions : Concentrate on the economic interests of their members like improved working conditions and increased wages.
They try to stay away from strikes and political involvement and rely on peaceful methods to settle issues.
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Uplift unions : Aims at broader issues such as education, benefits, health and insurance. They direct their efforts to promote intellectual, moral and social life of their members.
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Anarchist unions : These unions aim to replace capitalist system by socialist system. Predatory unions : Do not stick to a particular ideology or methodology to achieve their objectives. Instead, they adopt any method whether ethical or unethical without considering the effect of their actions on outside world.
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ON THE BASIS OF MEMBERSHIP STRUCTURE Craft unions : Members belong to a closely related group of occupations. All members possess similar skills, training and specialization. Example union of carpenters. Industrial unions : Includes all workers in a particular industry or company.
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General unions : Consist of members belonging to various industries with varied skills and experiences.
UNION TACTICS :
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The entire period of the growth of trade unionism up till now is conveniently divided into three periods :
First period : 1875-1918. Second period : 1918-1947. Third period : 1947 till date.
This act received its assent on 25th march 1926 . It came into force on 1st June 1927 as The Indian Trade Unions Act. By section-3 of the Indian Trade Unions (Amendment)Act 1964, the word Indian has been removed and now it is known as the Trade Unions Act, 1926. To make regulations for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this act, the then government passed The Central Trade Union Regulations, 1938.
According to section 2(b) of the Trade Unions Act 1926 A trade union is any combination of persons , whether temporary or permanent , formed primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations between workmen and employers , or between workmen and workmen , between employers and employers, or for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business, and includes the federation of two or more trade unions. This Act deals with the registration of trade unions, their rights, duties, liabilities and responsibilities.
Ensures that the funds of trade unions are utilized properly. It gives legal and corporate status to the registered trade unions. It also seeks to protect trade unions from civil or criminal prosecution so that they could carry on their legitimate activities for the benefit of the working class. The Act is applicable not only to the union of workers but also to the association of employers. Also deals with Penalties and fines. It extends to whole of India.
In the period 1918-47 the ideology inspiring trade unions was nationalistic. But after independence, trade unions developed into an effective instrument for protecting and safeguarding the interest of the labours.
Factors affecting the progress of trade unionism are as follows: 1. Constant inflow of international influence. 2. The pressure of trade union politics. 3. Rapid industrial growth.
In 1947, moderates in the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) separated and formed the Indian National Trade Unions Congress (INTUC). Socialists broke away from INTUC and formed the Hindustan Mazdoor Panchayat (HMP). HMP and Indian Federation of Labour came together and formed the Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS). A section of HMS later on formed the United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) in 1949. At present there are 50,000 registered trade
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Uneven growth. Small size. Weak financial position. Political leadership. Multiplicity of unions. Inter-union rivalry. Problem of recognition. Apathy of members. Opposition from employers.
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Strong base. Financial stability. One union in one industry. Internal leadership. Recognition of unions. Penalty for victimization of workers and union leaders.
CONCLUSION :
trade unions are an essential feature of industry in every country. Trade unions are formed to protect and promote the interests of their members . Thus it is an organized expression of the needs, aspirations and attitudes of the working class.
ANY QUERY ?
REFERENCES :
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Human resource management Dr. C.B. Gupta. Labour movement in India BASUDEB SAHOO. www.wikipedia.com Human Resource Management L.M.PRASAD.
THANK YOU.