4 G COMMUNICATION

GENERATIONS OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION

GENERATIONS OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION

First generation :
RF cellular used analog technology. The modulation was FM and the air interface was FDMA.

Second generation :
Personal Land Mobile Telephone System (PLMTS). It used Gaussian Shift Keying modulation (GMSK). GSM andIS-95 were designed to carry speech and low bit-rate data

Third generation :
Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode technology using 5MHz channels was used. GPRS, IMT-2000, Bluetooth, WLAN, and Hiper LAN have been developed.

Draw back of

3G :

Lack of standardization. Need for continuously increasing data rate and bandwidth to meet the multimedia requirements. Limitation of spectrum and its allocation.

FUTURE OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION

FAMOUS-FUTUERE Advanced Mobile Universal Systems Wide-band TDMA, Wideband CDMA The data rates targeted are 20MBPS.

This features can be achieved in 4G technology .

 4G
Define 4G
There are variety of definitions in the literature, but they commonly include three components: The fourth generation communication networks Functional fusion of existing, enhanced and newly developed elements of current 3G systems The conjunction of two well-known mobile (wide-area coverage, cellular) and nomadic (local area coverage, shortrange) developments, corresponding to the upper and lower portions of figure

Superior Attributes
High Speed 100 Mbps peak rates in full-mobility wide area coverage and 1Gbps in low-mobility local area coverage(3G is up to 2 Mbps)

Global Standard
3G marketing is difficult to roam globally and interoperate across networks, yet 4G will be a global standard that provides global mobility and service portability so that service provider will no longer be limited by single-system

Low cost
access technologies, services and applications can unlimitedly be run through wireless backbone over wire-line backbone using IP address.

ARCHITECTURAL CHANGES IN 4G TECHNOLOGY

Multiple networks are able to function in such a way that interfaces are transparent to users and services. A shift is needed to switch over from circuit switched mode to packet switched mode of transmission

Universal access and Ultra connectivity can be enabled by:

Wireless networks and with wire line networks. Emergence of a true IP over the air technology. Highly efficient use of wireless spectrum and resources. Flexible and adaptive systems and networks.

KEY FEATURES OF 4G TECHNOLOGY

High usability: anytime, anywhere, and with any technology Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost Personalization Integrated services

FEATURES OF 4G
First, 4G networks are all IP based heterogeneous networks that allow users to use any system at any time and anywhere. Second, 4G systems provide not only telecommunications services, but also data and multimedia services Third, personalized service will be provided by the new generation network. 4G systems also provide facilities for integrated services.

CHALLENGES TO BE FACED
MULTIMODE USER TERMINALS TERMINAL MOBILITY PERSONAL MOBILITY SECURITY AND PRIVACY

MULTIMODE USER

TERMINALS

Can adopt different wireless networks by reconfiguring themselves Way of implementing multimode user terminals is to adopt the software radio approach ANALOG

BPF

LNA

ADC

BASE BAND DSP

L N A

software radio receiver

TERMINAL MOBILITY
Allows mobile client to roam across boundaries of wireless networks.

There are two main issues in terminal mobility:

1. Location management With the location management, the system tracks and locates a mobile terminal for possible connection. 2.Handoff management Handoff management maintains ongoing communications when the terminal roams MobileIPv6 (MIPv6) is a standardized IP-based mobility protocol for Ipv6 wireless systems.

Vertical and Horizontal handoff of a mobile terminal

UMTS VERTICAL HANDOFF

GSM HORIZONATAL Handoff WLAN

PERSONAL

MOBILITY

Concentrates on the movement of users instead of users terminals Involves the provision of personal communications and personalized operating environments. Mobile-agent-based infrastructure

SECURITY AND

PRIVACY

GSM provides highly secured voice communication The key concern in security designs for 4G networks is flexibility Tiny SESAME is a lightweight reconfigurable security mechanism

4G Implementation
E-commerce Business/Work Private Life Vehicular Public Place Entertainment Education Health-care Travel

CONCLUSION
Current systems must be implemented with a view of facilitate to seamless integration into 4G infrastructure Intelligence close to end system is required to map the user application requests onto network services that are currently available Communication can be used in any situation where an intelligent solution is required for interconnection of different clients to networked applications aver heterogeneous wireless networks.

REFERENCES
Emerging Trends in Mobile Communication ---IETE Technical Review Magazine Technology Advances for 3G and Beyond ---IEEE Communications Magazine Challenges in the migration to 4G mobile systems ---IEEE Communications Magazine www.ieee.org

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