MEDICINE

MEDICINE

TRADITIONAL

MODERN

ANALGESICS

ANTIBIOTICS

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC

Traditional Medicine

Aloe vera

Centella asiatica

Eurycoma longifolia

Orthosiphon aristatus

Andrographis paniculata

Ocimum basilicum

Animals with medicinal property

Sea cucumbers Centipedes Ants Grasshoppers Snakes Cockroaches

Analgesics
Medicines used to relieve pain without causing numbness or affecting consciousness

Aspirin

Paracetamol

Codeine

Aspirin
Used worldwide for pain relief : inflammation involved such as arthritic pain and dental pain Should never be given to children with flu or chicken pox (brain and liver damage) The active ingredient is acetylsalicylic acid Acidic in nature Best take after food Aspirin is swallow with plenty of water to reduce irritation of the stomach wall as aspirin causes internal bleeding and ulceration

Paracetamol
Can be taken to relieve mild to moderate pain (headache, muscle and join pain, backache, period pain) Can be given to children (does not irritate the stomach or cause it to bleed Side effect when taken on a regular basis for a long time : skin rashes, blood disorders, acute inflammation of the pancreas

Codeine
Stronger analgesic used in headache tablets and in cough medicines Is synthesized from morphine May cause drowsiness Abuse : lead to addiction, depression and nausea

Antibiotics
Used to treat infections caused by bacteria Kill or slow down the growth of bacteria Not cure infections caused by viruses (colds and flu) Are obtain from microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) Different antibiotics can fight different kinds of bacteria Side effects : slight headache to a major allergic reaction ; diarrhoea

Penicilin
Most earliest and most widely used Extracted from fungus Penicilium notatum Used to cure bacterial diseases : tuberculosis (TB) and pneumonia

Streptomycin
Antibiotic produced by soil bacteria of the genus Streptomycin Used to treat tuberculosis (TB), whooping cough and pheumonia They are broken down by the acid in the stomach Therefore are usually given by injection and are not taken orally

 Full course of the antibiotics are taken even if u feel better to make sure that all the bacteria are killed Or u may become ill again and the bacteria may become more resistant to the antibiotic Then, the antibiotic is no longer effective So, doctor have to prescribe a different and stronger antibiotic to fight the same infection

Psychotherapeutic Medicine
Used to alter abnormal thinking, feelings or behaviours Do not cure mental illness Can reduce many of the symptoms of mental illness and help a person to get on with life

Stimulant
Is a medicine which activates the level of activity arousal or alertness of the central nervous system to reduce fatigue and elevate mood in most people Stimulants : methyphenidate, dextroamphetamine and amphetamine High doses : anxiety, hallucinations, severe depression or physical and psychological dependence

Antidepressant
Used in the treatment of depression Depression person : sad, anxious, may show a lack of interest in surroundings Tranquilizers Used to calm down a person and reduce tension and anxiety Side effect : drowsiness, poor coordination or lightheadedness Overdose : respiratory difficulties, sleeplessness, coma, death Barbiturates low doses :Sedate, calm or relax High doses : induce sleep Additive or habit-forming Overdose : death

Antipsychotic
Medicine used to treat psychiatric illness (schizophrenia) People with schizophrenia : may hear voices which other people do not hear Believe that other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts or plotting to harm them

Common medicine : chlorpromazine, haloperidol, clozapine Side effect : drowsiness, rapid heartbeat, dizziness

Drug Abuse
Is taking drugs excessively and without a doctors prescription Produce harmful side effects