GEAR BOX

CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

Definition of a Gear box:

A gearbox is a mechanical method of transferring energy from one device to another and is used to increase torque while reducing speed or vice versa.
A gearbox can change the speed, direction, or
torque of mechanical energy. Gear box is an important component of power train of a vehicle. Gearbox is a subset of the transmission.

TYPES OF GEARBOXES:

Types of Gearboxes:

There are two basics types of gearboxes: Manual gearbox Automatic gearbox

Manual Gearbox :
It generally uses a driver-operated clutch, typically operated by a foot pedal (automobile) or hand lever (motorcycle), for regulating torque transfer from the internal combustion engine to the gearbox, and a gear stick, either operated by foot (as on a motorcycle) or by hand (as in an automobile).

Automatic Gearbox:
Automatic gearbox is one type of motor vehicle transmission that can automatically change gear ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually. An automatic transmission basically works with pressurized fluid.

BASIC COMPONENTS

Gears and their types:

SPUR GEAR: The most basic type of gear is called a spur gear, and it has straight-cut teeth, where the angle of the teeth is parallel to the axis of the gear.

 HELICAL GEAR: For smoother meshing gears are often cut with the teeth at an angle, and these are called helical gears. Because of the angle of cut, helical gear teeth have a much more gradual engagement with each other, and as such they operate a lot more smoothly and quietly than spur gears.

Drive Shaft:
A drive shaft, is a mechanical component for transmitting torque and rotation, usually used to connect other components of a drive train that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement between them.

Gear Stick:
A gear stick is the lever used to change gear in a vehicle, such as an automobile, with manual transmission or several common forms of automatic transmission.

Location of gearbox and clutch in a car:

CONSTRUCTION & WORKING

Construction:
Lay Shaft Output Shaft Gears Selector Forks Dog gear Clutch

A typical gearbox

Selecting Gears in a Gearbox

Synchromesh:
A synchro is a device that allows the dog gear to come to a speed matching the helical gear before the dog teeth attempt to engage. In this way, you don't need to 'blip' the throttle and double-clutch to change gears because the synchro does the job of matching the speeds of the various gearbox components for you.

Synchromesh

FUNCTIONS & USE

Functions of a Gearbox:
1. It helps to increase & decrease the speed and torque of a vehicle. 2. It performs the reverse function of a vehicle. 3. It helps to make the vehicle neutral while running & also in the stop position.

1. Increasing & Decreasing speed:

Speed is increased or decreased by selecting a suitable gear: First gear: Most powerful gear, but less speed. Second gear: a bit less powerful, but more speed than the first one Third gear: less powerful, even more speed than the second one. Fourth gear: power is lower, speed is greater. . Fifth gear: least powerful, but highest speed.

2. Reverse Gear:
Reverse gear involves an extra gear. There are three gears that mesh together at one point in the gearbox instead of the customary two. There will be a gear each on the lay shaft and output shaft, but there will be a small gear in between them called the idler gear.

Reversing of Gear

3. Making Vehicle Neutral:

It is done by the clutch. Clutch is what enables you to change gears, and sit at traffic lights without stopping the engine. You need a clutch because your engine is running all the time which means the crank is spinning all the time. You need someway to disconnect this constantly-spinning crank from the gearbox, both to allow you to stand still as well as to allow you to change gears. When you press the clutch, the engine is disconnected from the gearbox and when you release it slowly it makes connection between the engine and gearbox.

 The default state of the clutch is engaged - that is the connection between engine and gearbox is always "on" unless the driver presses the pedal and disengages it. If the engine is running with clutch engaged and the transmission in neutral, the engine spins the input shaft of the gearbox, but no power is transmitted to the wheels. And we say that the vehicle is in neutral state. -----------------------

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