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Next lecture Energy Transport and Thermodynamics Stellar Model Building The Main Sequence
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Thermal Equilibrium
Opacity
E = mc
HYDROSTATIC EQUILIBRIUM
Mass
Luminosity
Temperature
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lec tures/lec22.html
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Lets determine the internal structure of stars!!! Some guidance: Hydrostatic Equilibrium: Balance between gravitational attraction and outward pressure
Gravity
Pressure Gradient
Gives
Rearranging we obtain
px v x
The average force per particle is then If the number of particles with momenta between p and p+dp is Npdp. Then the total number of particles in the cylinder is
Contribution to the total force by all particles in the momentum range p and p+dp is
Dividing both sides by the surface area of the wall A gives the pressure P=F/A. Noting that V=Ax and defining npdp to be the number of particles per unit volume
In the case of an Ideal Gas the velocity distribution is given by the MaxwellBoltzmann distribution
Particle number density is We find that the pressure exerted on the wall is: Substituting into Pressure integral we obtain
Pressure Integral
Where (1+zj) accounts for the nucleus plus the number of free electrons that result from completely ionizing an atom of type j
Dividing by mH
http://astro.wsu.edu/models/calc/XYZ.html
Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics
Classical distribution of energy of particles in thermal equilibrium
Fermi-Dirac Statistics
Particles of half-integral spin are known as Fermions and satisfy fermi-dirac statistics Some Fermions: electrons,protons,neutrons Influences Pressure.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%E2%80%93Dirac_statistics
Bose-Einstein Statistics
Particles of integral spin are known as Bosons and satisfy Bose-Einstein statistics
Photons are Bosons Influences Pressure.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_statistics
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/BoseEinsteinFermiDiracAndMaxwellBoltzmannStatistics/
Integrating over all mass shells from the center to the surface
Gravitational force on a point particle dmi located outside of a spherically symmetric mass Mr is:
E = mc
This energy can be released thru a process in which 4 protons are combined into a He nucleus through the process known as Fusion. This particular reaction can occur through several processes p-p chain, CNO cycle,. How much energy is available in a star from this fusion process?
Nuclear Timescale