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American Mutoscope Company (1896) American Vitagraph (1897) A patent case victory in March 1902 allowed American Mutoscope and Biograph to use its camera and 35 mm format without an Edison license
Shots one and two show the same action from two different vantage points. This is overlapping action. Porter copied this manner of telling a story in shots and used it for example in Life of an American Fireman (1903).
The MPPC set the stage for control over the entire American market by an oligopoly
The MPPC
The Edison Company Biograph Company Vitagraph Company of America Selig Polyscope Company The Essanay Film Manufacturing Company Lubin Manufacturing Company Kalem Company
D. W. Griffith (1874-1948)
Hollywood
In 1909 American production centres were New York, New Jersey, Chicago and Philadelphia In East poor weather could hamper production The Selig company made films in California in 1908 In early 1910s major producers moved to California Dry weather permitted filmmaking outdoors also into winter months California offered a variety of landscapes Head offices of the studios stayed in East
Danish Cinema
Ole Olsen founded Nordisk Films Kompagni in 1906 In 1910 it was one of the biggest production companies in the world The international reputation of Danish cinema was based on good acting and high production values Typical themes: sexuality and desire Danish films are noteworthy for psychological realism, lighting techniques , camera-positioning and set design Asta Nielsen began her career in The Abyss (1910)
Uniquely cinematic acting
Pre-Revolutionary Russia
Drankov produced Stenka Rasin in 1908 Early Russian cinema was dependent on non-cinematic culture (influence of Film dArt productions) In the early 1910s Russian filmmakers were influenced by Danish melodramas and Italian diva films Russian style: slow pace of acting, melancholy mood, morbid endings, upper middle class interiors Russian themes: mad love, infidelity, crime, class conflicts Yevgeny Bauer was the most important filmmaker
Vast Art Nouveau settings, tracking shots, tragic endings