LOW COST HOUSING

By

RISHI CHAUHAN 8TH SEMESTER CIVIL ENGINEERING

Introduction
Low Cost Housing is a new concept which deals with effective budgeting and following of techniques which help in reducing the cost construction through the use of locally available materials without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure. Of these, low cost technologies for the following building components are discussed in this paper: walls, roof, doors & windows, lintels &chajjas.

WALLS

Problems:
Erosion of the soil due to rain impact.
Loss of strength on saturation.

Preparation of stabilized mud blocks

Advantages of the stabilized mud blocks:

Cost effective by 20-40% when compared to burnt

bricks.
Cost on cement mortar reduces considerably. Plastering is not necessary.

Cost Analysis for Walls

For Burnt Brick Masonry (for one m3) C M of 1 : 6 Bricks Cement Sand 500 @ 3.50 Rs / No. 1.26 bags @ 300 Rs. 0.26 m3 @ Rs. m3 Rs. 1000.00 Rs. 190.00 Rs. 74.00

* Total Cost / m3 Rs. 1264.00 For Stabilized Mud blocks (For one m3) Using Stabilized Soil, Cement, Mortar of 1 : 2 : 6 Blocks Cement Sand Soil 350 @ 3 Rs/ No. 0.98 bag @ 300 Rs. 0.2 m3 @ 282 Rs./m3 0.06 m3 @ 282 Rs./m3 Rs. 875.00 Rs. 147.00 Rs. 56.40 Rs. 18.80

* Total Cost / m3 Rs. 1097.20 Cost of Pointing 25/m3 Total cost 1122.20 Rs. * Cost Reduction due to: Masonry Plasterin g Painting Rs. 160.00/m3 Internal -- Rs. 60.00/m3 External -- Rs. 60.00/m3 Rs. 120.00/m3 Internal -- Rs. 45.00/m3 External -- Rs. 35.00/m3 Rs. 80.00/m3

ROOF

Roof as a structural system:

The cost of the structure depends on the three factors
Load acting on the roof. Efficiency of the structural system.

Materials used for the structure.

Roof structural and covering:

The cost reduction may be achieved by three techniques
Reduced weight of covering.
Use more efficient structure. Increase size of covering unit.

Plate floor system

Reinforcement & mould for a plate floor element

Reinforced concrete floor element being lifted off the casting platform for erection

Erection of plate elements for the roof of an building

Brick vault masonry

Hollow clay Blocks roofs

DOORS & WINDOWS

Doors and windows are:

Steel doors & window frames.

Use of precast doors & window frame instead of timber.

Flush doors & shutters instead of conventional wood. Frameless openings.

Flush Door
Lipping using, Teak, Honne, Sal

Back Side, Rose, or Teak or Local wood painted

Front Side, Rose, or Teak

Hard wood

Lipping

Cost Analysis for Doors:

For a Door of: 30 mm thickness and 0.9 x 2 mt size
Type of Door Shutter Rose wood Teak wood Honne FLUSH DOORS Commercial One side Teak 1943.00 2578.00 Cost per Door Shutter Rs. 12620.00 8175.00 4725.00

Both Side Teak

3005.00

One side Rose

2706.00

Both Side Rose

3528.00

Steel Door

1785.00

LINTELS & CHAJJAS

RESULT:

CONCLUSION
Alternate materials and technologies are needed to reduce cost of housing.

Management of time and resources largely saves the cost.

Public awareness makes low cost housing acceptable.

References:
Low cost housing by Mathur G.C. ,IBH publications.

Modern trends in housing in developing countries by A.G. Madhava Rao ,IBH publication.
Advances in building materials & construction by Mohan Rai & Jaisingh , CBRI publications.

Acknowledgements:
Prof. Jagadish, Soil Mechanics department, IISc, Bangalore.

ASTRA, Bangalore.
C.N. Yadunandan, Mysore. K.R. Ganesh, Architect, Bangalore.

Thank You