Examples of conflict

FALKLAND WAR 1982

Falklands War
Argentina - United Kingdom April 2nd, 1982 - June 14th, 1982 Falklands War (South Georgia and the South Sandwich islands and surrounding sea and airplace) Limited Wars

Origin
The Falklands War was fought between Argentina and Britain. The conflict resulted from the long-standing dispute over the Falkland Islands and South Georgia Islands, which lie in the South Atlantic east of Argentina. The war began when the Argentine forces invaded and occupied the Falkland Islands on April 2, 1982.

 Summary: Fought in 1982, the Falklands War was the result of the Argentine invasion of the British-owned Falkland Islands. Located in the South Atlantic, Argentina had long claimed these islands as part of its territory.

OVERVIEW

On April 2, 1982, Argentine forces landed in the Falklands, capturing the islands two days later. In response, the British dispatched a naval and amphibious task force to the area.

The initial phases of the conflict occurred mainly at sea between elements of the Royal Navy and the Argentine Air Force.
On May 21, British troops landed and by June 14 had compelled the Argentine occupiers to surrender.

Levels of Conflict
The War Begins
Argentine troops set up flag on South Georgia Seen as first event of Falklands war Argentina invades the Islands April 2, 1982 Formal Declaration of War about a month later

Argentina Invasion of the Falklands

April 2nd 1982 Argentina launches an amphibious landing on the
Falkland Island Argentine Marines quickly seized the capital of the Falklands, Port Stanley. The small garrison of marines were largely outnumbered, and forced to surrender to Argentine forces. The following day the island of South Georgia was invaded. After a brief firefight, the small presence of Royal marines were forced to surrender to Argentine forces

British Response
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher ordered the assembly of naval task force to retake the island. In mid April Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse began moving south On April 25th British forces recaptured South Georgia Island after sinking a Argentine Submarine. Shortly after RAF bombers began bombing Argentine controlled airfields and radar towers. May 2nd, HMS Conqueror sank ARA Belgrano, killing 323 and capturing over 700 seamen May 4th A successful missile strike claimed HMS Sheffield killing 20 crew members

Securing a Beachhead
May 21st British Amphibious Task group mounted operation Sutton, this led to the British securing a beachhead at Port San Carlos to conduct offensive operations. On the same day HMS Ardent was sunk followed by HMS Antelope on the 24th and HMS Coventry on the 25th.

Battle of Goose Green and Mount Kent

Early on May 27th British forces attacked Darwin and Goose Green which was occupied by Argentine Infantry forces.

After a grueling two day battle British forces pushed the Argentine forces back.The result was 961 Argentine forces were captured.
Meanwhile British Commandos and SAS were moved onto Mount Kent. They met resistance from Argentine Commandos. On May 31st after waging an intense hit and run battle British forces defeated the Argentine Commandos at the Battle of Top Malo House.

Bluff Cove
June 1st 5000 British troops arrived to attack Port Stanley British ships were attacked and badly damaged by Argentine bombers. BBC television recorded this happening, which were seen around the world.

The Fall of Stanley

June 11 1982 British launch as brigade sized attack against high grounds surrounding Stanley. The battles of Mount Harriet, Two Sisters and Mount Longdon resulted, followed by the Battle of Wireless Ridge and Mount Tumbledown

Surrender of the Falklands

British Victory at Mount Tumbledown, last line of natural defense. Argentine forces in Stanley became worried. June 14th General Menendez surrendered to MG Jeremy Moore June 20th British retook S. Sandwich Islands and declared an end to hostilities

Casualties of Falkland War

British British Army - 122 Royal Navy - 87 Royal Marines - 26 Merchant Navy - 9 Royal Fleet Auxiliary - 7 Falkland Islanders - 3 Royal Air Force - 1 Total 255 Total wounded - 777

Argentines Navy - 392 (323 in ARA Belgrano, rest most marines) Army - 179 (11 officers, 30 sc, 138 conscripts) Air Force - 55 (36 pilots) Gendarmeria (border guard) - 7 Prefectura (coast guard) - 2 Total 635
Total wounded - 1068

U.S. Involvement
U.S. Treaty Obligations
NATO Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance

Debate Mediation Secretary of State, Alexander Haig

NATO Contributions
Intelligence Information Military equipment U.S. Secretary of Defense, Caspar Weinberger

Ascension Island
Built by U.S. task force during World War II Re-opened in 1957 Used as staging base for RAF during Falklands War

Results
Reagan and Weinberger both awarded Knight Commander of British Empire September 2001-Vicente Fox

End of the War

June 14, 1982- Commander agrees to cease fire and 9,800 argentine troops dropped their weapons British Major Jeremy Moore flew into Port Stanley to meet with General Menendez Menendez is allowed to strike unconditional from surrender document
His surrender would be with dignity and honor according to British podcasts

General Moore does not allow him to insert the Argentina propaganda

Las Malvinas after Falklands

Document was formally signed and the war is over.

THE EFFECTS
Economic Impact: Argentina had been in the midst of a devastating economic crisis at the very beginning. Both Argentina and Britain spent a great amount of money on equipment for the war. The overall economy made an even greater influence on the recession and attacks on jobs and sent unemployment soaring. Social Impact/Cultural Impact: There were wide-ranging influences on popular culture in both the UK and Argentina. The Falklands War also provided material for theatre, film and TV drama and influenced the output of musicians including (among others) English Post-Punk Band Gang of Four, Pink Floyd, Joe Jackson, Crass, New Model Army, Steve Dahl and Elvis Costello.

Margaret Thatcher
First Prime Minister She was Britains fighting lady She was called Iron Lady During the Falklands War, which Thatcher ran victoriously with great patriotic dedication, boosted the popularity of her government hugely, leading, along with deep division among the Labor Party to the Conservatives winning a large majority at the General Election in 1983.

Effects and results of the war

In Argentina, the defeat led to the removal of Pres. Galtieri three days after the fall of Port Stanley. His downfall spelled the end for the military rule that had been leading the country and paved the way for the restoration of democracy. For Britain, the victory provided a much needed boost to its national confidence, reaffirmed its international position, and assured victory for the Thatcher Government in the 1983 elections.

LOSERs

winners

The Finale
Post War Economic Issue: The British had spent million on an air base at Port Stanley It still proves costly to maintain today, although the British military presence is small and often contains Territorial Army units.

Two huge Squid fisheries opened bringing in $50 million in licenses a year. Large oil deposits also almost certainly exist in the waters around the Falklands Although in the 1980s it was difficult to locate them and uneconomic to extract them, technology is now making this possible.

Causes of conflict
The Juntas Decision
New leaders come to forefront of the Junta General Leopoldo Galtieri Admiral Jorge Anaya Brigadier Basilio Lami Dozo Possible causes of the war Popular domestic unrest Misperceptions of motivations Growth of Argentine military Decline of British power

Long Term Cause Longstanding territorial dispute between Argentina and the UK over the sovereignty of the islands Short Term Cause

Bad circumstances in both countries.

Bad Circumstance in the UK High unemployment rate Bad circumstance in Argentina Collapse of Economy

Immediate Cause
Military Argentina

Military Admiral Anaya pressured Galtieri for an invasion Sir Henry Leach suggested to Thatcher that Britain could retake falklands.

Military in the Britain

No Religious Cause Ideological Cause Political Cause

Conclusion
The dispute over the Falkland/ Malvinas Islands is interesting and complex The fact that is it still an unsolved dispute after so many years Thus, it appears as though there is no clear legal framework to solve this case which is why we still see the issue of these islands in todays news, so many years later in 2009.

Articles News- CNN

WORLD Argentina presses claim to Falkland Islands, accusing UK of colonialism By Dave Gilbert, CNN | January 3, 2013 Argentinian President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner is once again calling on the UK to hand back the Falkland Islands -- known in Argentina as Las Malvinas -- accusing Britain of blatant colonialism. In an open letter to British Prime Minister David Cameron, which was published in the British press, she says that Britain stripped the islands away from Argentina 180 years ago on Thursday's date: January 3. Read more: Falkland Islands will vote on political status The two countries went to war over the territory in 1982, when the then-Argentinian military government landed troops on the islands.

SUGGESTED RESOLUTION
Abitration Mediation US (NATO)

1. The governments sit down & resolve the issues between them across the table in a peacefull, productive way 2. United Nations oblige it to negotiate a peacefull and final solution to the dispute over the Malvinas islands

 Diplomatic dialogue resolution through UN 3. Diplomatic channels - Both parties resolve their differences through dialogue in normal diplomatic channels.