Dyslexia

What is Dyslexia?

• Dyslexia is a learning disability not

intellectual disability nor visual
problems.

• This developmental disorder is marked

by difficulty in written language,
particularly in reading and spelling.
• 5-10% of general population affects boys 3
to 6 times as frequent as girls.

• The problem doesn’t only lie in perceiving

words correctly. Dyslexia is instead usually
related to some kind of language
impairment and often associated with verbal
memory problem
• Dyslexic individuals often have
difficulty "breaking the code" of sound-
letter association (Auditory dyslexia)

• Dyslexia can also lead to difficulties in

mathematics due to challenges in
comprehension and sequencing (Visual
dyslexia)
 What causes Dyslexia?

There are several types of dyslexia that can

affect the child's ability to spell as well as
read.
Trauma Dyslexia

occurs after some form of brain

trauma or injury to the area of the brain
that controls reading and writing.
Primary dyslexia

• Dysfunction of, rather than damage to, the

left side of the brain (cerebral cortex) and
does not change with age.
• Primary dyslexia is passed in family lines
through their genes (hereditary). It is found
more often in boys than in girls.
Developmental dyslexia

Felt to be caused by hormonal

development during the early stages of
fetal development.
Signs and Symptoms:
• Letter and number reversals are the most
common warning sign.
• Difficulty copying from the board or a book.
• Memory Problem
• Appear to be uncoordinated and have
difficulty with organized sports or games
• Difficulty with left and right is common.
Emotional Sign and Symptoms:

• Withdrawn and appear to be depressed.

• Begin to act out, drawing attention away
from their learning difficulty.
• Problems with self-esteem can arise, and
peer and sibling interactions can become
strained.
• These children may lose their interest in
school-related activities.
 How is dyslexia
diagnosed?
Dyslexia is a difficult disorder to diagnose.
• Test are evaluated by Intelligence test.
• All aspects of the reading process are
examined to pinpoint where the breakdown
is occurring.
• Testing further assesses how a child takes in
and processes information and what the
child does with the information
The tests determine whether a child learns
better by:

• Auditory

• Visual

• Kinesthetic
They also assess whether a child performs
better when:

• Allowed to give information (output).

• Saying something (oral).

• Doing something with their hands

(tactile-kinesthetic).
 The tests also evaluate how all of these
sensory systems (modalities) work in
conjunction with each other.

 The child should not feel uncomfortable.

 The child should have good night's sleep

prior to the testing and have a good
breakfast.
 Treatment
Developmental approach
Simply intensifies conventional
methods of instruction.
Corrective approach
Emphasizes the dyslexic individual’s
assets and interest.
Remedial approach
Focuses on deficiencies.
 While there are many theories about
successful treatment for dyslexia...

There is NO ACTUAL CURE FOR IT.

 Adult Dyslexia
• No matter how talented they are, adult
dyslexics are often secretive and
defensive. They write down inverted
phone numbers and financial figures.
• They can spend an hour trying to
decipher a memo.
• Many get headaches from trying to
read accurately
 Learning disabled people become highly
successful once they escape school.
 Dyslexic employees are some of the

smartest, most imaginative and highly

motivated people in your workgroup.
 People with attention deficit problems

often do better if they have a number of

different tasks going at once.
 Some of them are considered
UNUSUALLY TALENTED because of
their skills at manipulating form and
space.
ADHD and DYSLEXIA are serious
problems..
Don’t blame them, it’s not their
fault…
Support them
and You could save a life….
 REFERENCES:
 Groiler Incorporated Danbury,Connecticut Groiler Encyclopedia of
Knowledge
 Kagan and Havemann, Psychology

 Huffman, M. Vernoy, J. Vernoy, Williams, Psychology in Action

 Brisbane,Holy Developing Child

 Intro to Pschology (Understanding Human Behavior)

 Brown,Nancy Mental Health Nursing

 Hetherington, Parke Child Psychology Third Edition

Updates from:
 www.wikepedia.org

 www.medicinenet.com

 www.youtube.com
 Any Questions or Clarifications?

Thank you for listening..

Hope you have learned something

from me….

Neko-chan