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Pioneers in Education

Chapter 4

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Jan Komensky - Comenius


He believed that universally shared knowledge would stimulate love for wisdom and usher in peace for all mankind Forerunner of pupil centered classrooms Respected childrens needs Didnt hurry children let them learn on their own pace
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Comenius Teaching Principles


Pictures and illustrations Practical life Direct and simple presentation General principles before details All creatures and objects part of universe Sequence one thing at a time Dont move on until students understand

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John Locke
Linked politics and education In order to self-govern, must be educated Tabula rasa blank slate Empiricism knowledge acquired by the senses Scientific method
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Jean Jacques Rousseau


Stages of Development
Infancy Birth to 5 Childhood 5 to 12 Boyhood 12 to 15 Adolescence 15 to 18

Education vs. Schooling

School was bad for children negative influence


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Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi


Loving caring environments in schools Children learn in a loving nonhurried manner Emphasis on Object lessons Deal with concrete then abstract; immediate environment then distant; easy then complex; always gradually, cumulatively & slowly
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Friedrich Froebel
Idealism with Nationalism Time of unification of German townships Kindergarten

Not standard education Games activities imagination play Need to stimulate the childs brain to learn
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Herbert Spencer
Social Darwinism

Survival of the fittest Competition

Public Schools a monopoly of mediocrity Utilitarian Education based on useful scientific and practical objectives Activities based learning
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John Dewey
Progressivism Student centered focus on physical education focus on home involvement focus on childs needs Scientific method Knowledge was not inert information Liberating environments in schools
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Maria Montessori
Early Childhood Education Feminists challenging traditional roles of women in education Three types of activity and experience

Practical Sensory Formal

Desired skill mastery


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Jean Piaget
Developmental Stages

Sensorimotor 18 months two years Preoperational two years seven years Concrete operations seven years eleven years Formal operations eleven years fifteen years

Exploratory learning Informal learning situations


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Ivan Illich
Social and economic change Deschooling Problems with schools

Educational monopoly consumeristic exaggerated teacher authority

Learning outside of school


MEH 2001

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